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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
间接作用的胆碱能激动剂是与突触间隙中的乙酰胆碱酯酶相互作用的药物,阻止乙酰胆碱分解为胆碱和乙酸。因此,突触间隙中的乙酰胆碱浓度增加。这些激动剂可以根据其作用持续时间分为可逆和不可逆抑制剂。
可逆抑制剂表现为短到中等的作用持续时间。短效剂包括具有季铵基的单一醇,例如腾喜龙。中等效果剂具有中等的作用持续时间,是含有叔铵或季铵基的氨基甲酸酯。毒扁豆碱是一种天然氨基甲酸酯,具有叔胺基团,而新斯的明是一种合成氨基甲酸酯,具有季铵基团。
不可逆抑制剂是磷酸的衍生物,具有多个取代基,其中一个取代基充当反应活性基团。例如,碘依可酯就包括两个烷氧基和一个不稳定的硫代胆碱基团组成。同样,沙林是一种有毒的神经毒剂,含有一个烷氧基、一个烷基和一个不稳定的卤素基团。
间接作用胆碱能激动剂与突触裂隙处的 AChE 酶结合并抑制 ACh 水解。这导致突触处 ACh 的浓度增加,间接增强胆碱能作用。
一般来说,它们根据其作用持续时间分为可逆或不可逆抑制剂。
可逆抑制剂是短效和中效药物。
短效剂是带有季铵基团(如依溴铵)的简单醇。
中间作用药物包括氨基甲酸酯,例如新斯的明和毒扁的明。
新斯的明是带有季铵基团的氨基甲酸酯,而毒扁豆碱是具有叔胺基团的天然氨基
甲酸酯。不可逆抑制剂包括有机磷酸盐。它们是具有多个取代基的磷酸衍生物,其中一个取代基起不稳定基的作用。
例如,echothiophate 由两个烷氧基和一个硫代胆碱基团组成。沙林是一种神经气体,具有一个烷氧基、一个烷基和一个卤素基团。在这里,硫胆碱和卤素是不稳定的基团。
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