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Pharmacology
肾上腺素能受体:ɑ 亚型
肾上腺素能受体:ɑ 亚型
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
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JoVE Core Pharmacology
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

6.3: 肾上腺素能受体:ɑ 亚型

2,513 Views
01:31 min
September 22, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

肾上腺素能受体基于它们对儿茶酚胺激动剂的效力被分为α 和β类。ꞵ-肾上腺素能受体的儿茶酚效力按照以下顺序排列:

肾上腺素 ≥ 去甲肾上腺素 >> 异丙肾上腺素

α-肾上腺素能受体进一步分为α1和α2亚型。

α1-肾上腺素能受体:这些受体位于效应器官的神经元后,并通过磷脂酶C—-肌醇-1,4,5-三磷酸(IP3)-二酰基甘油(DAG)途径介导的平滑肌收缩而引发。

α2-肾上腺素能受体:α2-肾上腺素能受体主要位于神经元末端的突触前,用于控制去甲肾上腺素释放。它们也存在于突触前的副交感神经元上。通过与这些受体相互作用的突触前交感神经元释放的去甲肾上腺素会抑制乙酰胆碱的释放。与α1受体不同,激活α2受体会抑制腺苷酸环化酶,降低细胞内cAMP水平并关闭离子通道。

进一步划分:α1和 α2受体分别进一步划分为αα1A, α1B, α1D and α2A, α2B, α2C亚型,以更好地理解药物-受体选择性。

Transcript

ɑ-肾上腺素能受体对 Adr 和 NA 的亲和力高于 ISO。

它们根据各种因素分为 ɑ1 和 ɑ2 亚型。

刺激后,ɑ1 受体激活磷脂酶 C,释放 IP3 和 DAG 作为第二信使。

它们存在于突触后效应器官中,尤其是心血管和胃肠道系统的平滑肌,负责血管收缩、血压升高和胃肠道肌肉松弛。

ɑ2 受体刺激抑制腺苷酸环化酶,减少 cAMP 的产生,并调节离子通道。

它们主要存在于自主神经末梢、胰腺 β 细胞、血管平滑肌和血小板中。它们影响自主神经递质和胰岛素的释放、血管平滑肌收缩和血小板聚集。

ɑ1 和 ɑ2 受体根据亚型选择性药物细分为三个亚型。例如,用于治疗前列腺增生的坦索罗辛优先抑制前列腺中的 ɑ1-A 受体,而不是血管中的 ɑ1-B 受体,因此它们的心血管副作用较少。

Explore More Videos

肾上腺素能受体 肾上腺素能受体 儿茶酚胺激动剂 α-肾上腺素能受体 β-肾上腺素能受体 磷脂酶 C 肌醇-1 4 5-三磷酸 二酰甘油 突触前神经末梢 去甲肾上腺素释放 腺苷酸环化酶 CAMP 水平 药物受体选择性

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