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Pharmacology
肾上腺能激动剂:间接作用药物
肾上腺能激动剂:间接作用药物
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
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JoVE Core Pharmacology
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

6.6: 肾上腺能激动剂:间接作用药物

2,553 Views
01:25 min
September 22, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

间接作用的肾上腺能激动剂通过不直接与肾上腺素受体结合的不同机制增强内源性儿茶酚胺的效应。

其中一种机制是通过将其从突触囊泡中取代来耗尽储存的儿茶酚胺。这些药物被称为“取代剂”,它们以代价取代去甲肾上腺素运入囊泡中。例如,苯丙胺和酪胺不含一个儿茶酚基团,导致作用时间延长、口服利用率提高以及对中枢神经系统的更好渗透。苯丙胺刺激心脏肾上腺素受体并释放非囊泡内多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素。酪胺在发酵食品中含有,模拟了使用MAO抑制剂的人体内的交感神经反应。

另一种机制是抑制儿茶酚胺的再摄取,增强交感神经反应。可卡因是一种局部麻醉药,能阻断儿茶酚胺转运体,起到间接的交感神经兴奋作用。可卡因和苯丙胺等药物由于其中枢神经系统的刺激作用,释放多巴胺和血清素,可能导致成瘾。

酶抑制剂,如MAO抑制剂(如司来吉兰)和COMT抑制剂(如恩他卡朋),也是间接作用的药物,因为它们防止循环神经递质的分解和排泄。

Transcript

间接作用肾上腺素能激动剂通过多种机制增强内源性儿茶酚胺的作用。

苯丙胺和酪胺等激动剂被称为"置换剂",因为它们通过消耗突触小泡中的储存来诱导儿茶酚胺的释放。

它们类似于去甲肾上腺素,但缺乏邻苯二酚部分。由于这种相似性,它们被主动转运到突触血管中,并最终取代去甲肾上腺素。

然后将胞质去甲肾上腺素交换为另一个置换分子并释放以作用于突触后肾上腺素能受体。

另一种机制涉及儿茶酚胺再摄取抑制。可卡因阻断参与儿茶酚胺再摄取的转运蛋白,从而增强拟交感神经作用。

此外,西格列汀 - 一种 毛 抑制剂,恩他卡朋 - 一种 COMT 抑制剂,是间接作用的拟交感神经药,因为它们阻止循环儿茶酚胺的代谢和随后的排泄。

可卡因和苯丙胺等间接作用激动剂因其中枢作用而经常被滥用,例如多巴胺和血清素释放引起的欣快感。

Explore More Videos

肾上腺素能激动剂 间接作用剂 儿茶酚胺 置换剂 安非他明 酪胺 交感神经反应 毛抑制剂 COMT抑制剂 可卡因 神经递质 中枢神经系统刺激作用

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