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在开角型青光眼中,虹膜角膜角保持开放,但小梁网变得僵硬,减缓房水的流出。这会在前房中积聚房水,导致眼压突然增高。开角型青光眼的治疗重点是通过减少房水的分泌或增加其流出来降低升高的眼压。
使用碳酸酐酶抑制剂、α2-和β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂(如布林索胺、布利莫啶和缬草胺)等药物来减少房水的分泌。相反,使用rho激酶抑制剂、前列腺素和胆碱能药(如奈他索地尔、拉他诺普罗斯和毛果芸香碱)等药物来增加房水的流出。通常,这些药物会作为眼药水局部使用。
虽然这些药物能有效降低眼内压力,但也可能产生副作用。例如,布林索胺、布利莫啶和缬草胺分别可能导致灼热感、嗜睡和支气管痉挛。同样,奈他索地尔、拉他诺普罗斯和毛果芸香碱可能分别导致视觉模糊、虹膜色素沉着改变和视力减退。
回想一下,在开角型青光眼中,坚硬的小梁网阻碍了房水流出,增加了眼压。
它通过减少房水分泌或改善房水流出以降低眼压来治疗。
为了减少体液分泌,通常使用作用于睫状体肾上腺素能受体的药物。
例如,溴莫尼定与 α2-肾上腺素能受体结合。而噻吗洛尔与睫状上皮上的 β1 和 β2 受体结合。
此外,碳酸酐酶抑制剂,如布林佐胺,也用于减少房水分泌。
或者,为了增加房水流出,拟胆碱药物(如毛果芸香碱)与毒蕈碱受体结合并刺激睫状肌收缩,从而降低眼压。
同样,rho 激酶抑制剂和前列腺素也可增强流出并降低眼压。
这些药物以滴眼液的形式局部给药。
但是,它们可能会产生一些副作用。例如,溴莫尼定可引起嗜睡,噻吗洛尔可导致支气管收缩,毛果芸香碱可使视力减弱。
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