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JoVE Core
Physics
重力所做的功
Video Quiz
重力所做的功
JoVE Core
Physics
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JoVE Core Physics
Work Done by Gravity

7.13: 重力所做的功

8,996 Views
01:04 min
May 16, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

万有引力是自然界四种基本力之一。 地球上的物体与地球本身之间的力称为重力。

与其他力一样,如果重力将物体移向地球中心,它就会对物体起作用。 在这种情况下,重力所做的功被称为正功。 如果外力抵抗重力作用在物体上,并设法将其提升远离地球中心,则抵抗重力做功。 在这种情况下,所做的净功被称为负值。 如果一个物体沿着地球运动并且没有朝向或远离地球中心的位移,那么重力就不会做功。

当然,地球上没有任何物体是粒子。 在研究复合物体时开发的质心框架绕过了这个问题。 在考虑包括重力在内的外力的影响之前,可以认为质量等于物体总质量的单个粒子存在于物体的质心处。

Transcript

当物体向上抛出时,引力会对其位移产生作用。

因此,引力所做的功是引力和位移矢量的点积。

由于这些向量指向相反的方向,因此所做的功为负。

引力通过将物体的动能转化为势能来作用于物体。

达到最大高度后,对象会回落。重力作用在位移的方向上,所做的功是正的。

假设一个物体被抬起,施加的力和引力都会作用于该物体。

对物体所做的净功由功能定理给出。

如果物体在升力前后静止,则动能的净变化为零。

因此,通过施加的力所做的功与由引力所做的功是负的。

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