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JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
激素分泌的调节
Video Quiz
激素分泌的调节
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
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JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology
Regulation of Hormone Secretion

21.7: 激素分泌的调节

7,168 Views
01:19 min
March 28, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

激素分泌的调节是由各种类型的刺激驱动的精细协调,包括神经、体液和激素信号。 环境线索会激发神经刺激,动作电位穿过神经纤维到达指定目标。 一个说明性的场景是身体对压力的反应,其中交感神经系统从肾上腺释放肾上腺素,引发众所周知的“战斗或逃跑”反应。

相反,体液刺激涉及血液中特定离子或营养物质的浓度波动。 一个典型的例子是对血钙水平降低的反应,触发甲状旁腺激素的分泌,以提高循环钙浓度。

当一种激素诱导不同内分泌器官分泌另一种激素时,就会出现激素刺激。 例如,下丘脑分泌促甲状腺素释放激素,刺激垂体前叶释放促甲状腺激素(TSH)。 TSH 反过来又会刺激甲状腺释放 T3 等甲状腺激素。 随着循环 T3 水平升高,复杂的负反馈循环开始发挥作用。 该环路通过向垂体和下丘脑发送抑制信号来抑制 T3 的持续产生。 内分泌系统在信号和反应的复杂相互作用中保持着微妙的平衡,确保激素分泌的精确调节和和谐。

Transcript

激素分泌受不同类型的信号调节,包括神经、体液和激素刺激。

神经刺激由环境触发,并由动作电位介导,动作电位通过神经纤维到达目标。例如,压力会导致交感神经系统发送信号,从肾上腺释放肾上腺素,并引发"逃跑或战斗"反应。

体液刺激是血液中特定离子或营养物质的浓度变化。例如,低血钙水平会触发甲状旁腺激素的分泌,从而增加循环钙浓度。

当一种激素触发另一种激素从不同的内分泌器官分泌时,就会发生激素刺激。

例如,下丘脑分泌的促甲状腺激素释放激素调节垂体前叶促甲状腺激素的产生。TSH 进一步刺激甲状腺释放甲状腺激素,例如 T3。

随着 T3 循环水平的增加,负反馈回路通过向垂体和下丘脑发送抑制信号来抑制 T3 的持续产生。

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激素分泌 调节 神经刺激 体液刺激 荷尔蒙刺激 肾上腺 肾上腺 甲状旁腺激素 促甲状腺激素 TSH 甲状腺激素 T3 负反馈回路 内分泌系统

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