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Home
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
性腺和胎盘激素
性腺和胎盘激素
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
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JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology
Gonadal and Placental Hormones

21.23: 性腺和胎盘激素

3,234 Views
01:24 min
February 1, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

性腺,即男性的睾丸和女性的卵巢,在产生性腺激素方面发挥着关键作用,这些激素协调着性发育和生殖的复杂过程。

在男性中,睾酮是主要的性腺雄激素。它在男性生殖器官(阴茎和睾丸)的成熟中起着核心作用。此外,睾丸激素有助于第二性征的发育——低沉的声音以及面部和的生长——以及精子的产生。

在女性方面,雌激素和黄体酮是重要的性腺激素。雌激素对于子宫和阴道等女性生殖器官的发育至关重要。它还调节第二性征,包括乳房发育,并在月经周期和维持怀孕中起着至关重要的作用。另一方面,黄体酮为子宫的植入做好准备,并通过抑制子宫收缩来确保怀孕。

胎盘在怀孕期间占据中心位置,分泌对胎儿生长发育至关重要的激素。人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 是胎盘细胞产生的一种激素,可支持怀孕,尤其是在妊娠早期。另一种胎盘激素,人胎盘催乳素 (hPL),调节母亲的新陈代谢并刺激母乳的分泌。

性腺激素和胎盘激素的这种相互作用对于生殖过程的正常进展以及怀孕期间母亲和胎儿的持续健康至关重要。

Transcript

男性的性腺、睾丸和女性的卵巢产生性腺激素。

睾酮是主要的男性性腺雄激素。它负责男性生殖器官(如阴茎和睾丸)和第二性征(如面部毛发生长和精子产生)的成熟。

雌激素和黄体酮是两种重要的女性性腺激素。

雌激素负责女性生殖器官(如子宫和阴道)和第二性征(如乳房发育、月经周期调节和妊娠维持)的发育。

黄体酮为受精卵着床做好准备,并通过抑制子宫收缩来保持妊娠。

在怀孕期间,胎盘形成并分泌激素,以确保胎儿的正常生长和发育。

胎盘细胞分泌人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG),它支持妊娠早期的怀孕。

另一种称为人胎盘催乳素 (hPL) 的胎盘激素可调节母亲的新陈代谢并刺激母乳分泌。

Explore More Videos

性腺激素 睾丸 卵巢 睾酮 雌激素 黄体酮 人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 人胎盘催乳素 (hPL) 性发育 生殖 月经周期 胎儿生长 怀孕

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