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JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
糖尿病
Video Quiz
糖尿病
JoVE Core
Anatomy and Physiology
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JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

21.22: 糖尿病

5,761 Views
01:22 min
March 28, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

糖尿病是一种慢性代谢疾病,其特征是由于胰岛素产生的不足、胰岛素的抗性或两者兼有而导致其具有较高的血糖水平。这种疾病影响着全世界数百万人,并会严重影到响他们的健康和生活品质。

1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病,免疫系统有时会错误地攻击并破坏胰脏中所产生的胰岛素β细胞。由于身体无法产生足够的胰岛素,因此1型糖尿病患者也需要终生的胰岛素来替代治疗。

另一方面,2型糖尿病主要是由胰岛素的抗性所引起的,在这种情况下,身体细胞对胰岛素的反应会逐渐减弱。最终,胰岛素促进葡萄糖摄取的能力降低,从而导致血糖的水平升高。2型糖尿病通常与肥胖、缺乏身体活动和不良饮食习惯等生活方式因素有关。这是一种慢性疾病,在初期可以通过改变生活方式和口服药物来进行控制,但有些人最终可能需要胰岛素来进行治疗。

不受控制的糖尿病会导致身体具有一系列并发症,并影响着身体的各个器官和系统。这些并发症包括心血管疾病、肾脏疾病、神经损伤或神经病变、视网膜病变和伤口愈合受损。通过药物治疗、改变饮食、定期的体力活动和定期监测来控制血糖水平以预防或延缓并发症的发生是非常重要的。

糖尿病治疗的目的是将血糖值维持在规定的范围之内。健康的饮食、监测血糖水平和运动等生活方式的改变有助于有效的控制糖尿病的症状。此外,为1型或2型晚期糖尿病患者开立口服药物以提高胰岛素的敏感性或刺激胰岛素的产生,并为其注射胰岛素或帮浦。

Transcript

糖尿病是一种内分泌疾病,会损害身体产生或使用胰岛素的能力。

在健康个体中,胰岛素结合触发细胞中葡萄糖转运蛋白的表达,促进葡萄糖摄取。

但是,在糖尿病的情况下,这个过程会受损,导致葡萄糖在血液中积累,导致高血糖症。

根据根本原因,糖尿病可分为几种亚型,例如 I 型、II 型和妊娠糖尿病。

I 型糖尿病常见于儿童和青少年。它是一种自身免疫性疾病,由胰腺中产生胰岛素的 β 细胞被破坏引起。

结果,胰岛素水平变得极低或不存在。

如果不及时治疗,糖尿病会导致严重的并发症,如心脏病、肾功能障碍和神经损伤。

I 型糖尿病治疗通常包括通过注射或胰岛素泵施用胰岛素,称为胰岛素依赖型亚型。

虽然 I 型糖尿病的风险因素没有明确定义,但有家族史会显着增加风险。

Explore More Videos

糖尿病 1型糖尿病 自身免疫性疾病 胰岛素抵抗 血糖水平 胰岛素产生 终身胰岛素治疗 2型糖尿病 生活方式因素 并发症 心血管疾病 糖尿病神经病变 视网膜病变 糖尿病管理 口服药物 饮食改变

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