-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
影响神经递质合成的药物
影响神经递质合成的药物
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Pharmacology
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

6.16: 影响神经递质合成的药物

1,960 Views
01:29 min
May 22, 2025
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

影响神经递质合成的药物可以影响肾上腺素能神经元和神经递质合成。例如, α甲基酪氨酸和卡比多巴针对儿茶酚胺合成中涉及的特定酶。 α甲基酪氨酸抑制酶酪氨酸羟化酶,该酶将酪氨酸转化为多巴胺。通过阻断这种酶, α甲基酪氨酸减少了多巴胺和其他儿茶酚胺的产生。另一方面,卡比多巴抑制多巴酸脱羧酶,该酶将左旋多巴转化为多巴胺。通过阻塞多巴酸脱羧酶,卡比多巴增加达到大脑的左旋多巴水平,增强多巴胺的合成。

药物影响神经递质合成的另α种方式是产生伪递质。例如,甲基多巴被肾上腺素能神经元吸收并转化为α-甲基去甲肾上腺素,α种伪递质。这种化合物取代去甲肾上腺素并改变受体的激活。它对α1肾上腺素能受体的刺激作用较弱,但对前突触α2受体的激活作用更强,从而产生抑制性反馈机制,减少神经递质的产生和释放。

某些神经毒素,如6-羟基多巴胺和MPTP(1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,5-四氢吡啶),作为"特洛伊木马",被神经元突触有选择性地吸收。一旦进入,它们将转化为反应性化合物,最终损害和破坏神经末梢,—例如6-羟基多巴胺靶向多巴胺能神经元,而MPTP影响多巴胺能和肾上腺素能神经元。

此外,一种名为多罗吡啶的前药可以穿过血脑屏障,并通过多巴脱羧酶转化为去甲肾上腺素。这增强了交感神经活动,可用于治疗与低去甲肾上腺素水平相关的疾病。

虽然影响神经递质合成的药物为调节肾上腺素功能提供了宝贵的见解,但由于脱靶效应和潜在的毒性问题,其临床应用通常受到限制。

Transcript

某些药物会抑制参与神经递质合成的关键酶。

例如,α-甲基酪氨酸阻断酪氨酸羟化酶,而卡比多巴抑制儿茶酚胺合成所必需的多巴脱羧酶。

一些药物,如甲基多巴,被肾上腺素能神经元吸收并转化为 α-甲基去甲肾上腺素,这是一种假递质。这种 α-甲基去甲肾上腺素储存在突触小泡中,而不是去甲肾上腺素。

与去甲肾上腺素相比,α-甲基去甲肾上腺素对 α1 受体的作用较弱,但对突触前 α2 受体的作用较强。这会触发抑制反馈机制,从而减少神经递质的产生和释放。

神经毒素,如 6-羟基多巴胺和 MPTP,在神经元连接处进行选择性再摄取。它们被转化为反应性、有毒化合物,可以破坏神经末梢。

前药屈昔多巴被多巴脱羧酶转化为去甲肾上腺素并增强交感神经作用。

干扰去甲肾上腺素能合成的药物由于其"脱靶"效应和高毒性而临床范围有限。

Explore More Videos

神经递质合成 肾上腺素能神经元 儿茶酚胺合成 酪氨酸羟化酶 多巴胺产生 卡比多巴 多巴脱羧酶 假递质 甲基多巴 神经毒素 6-羟基多巴胺 MPTP 屈昔多巴 交感神经活性 临床应用

Related Videos

肾上腺素能神经元:神经递质

01:27

肾上腺素能神经元:神经递质

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

4.9K 浏览

肾上腺素受体(肾上腺素受体):分类

01:27

肾上腺素受体(肾上腺素受体):分类

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

4.3K 浏览

肾上腺素能受体:ɑ 亚型

01:31

肾上腺素能受体:ɑ 亚型

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.5K 浏览

肾上腺素受体:β亚型

01:26

肾上腺素受体:β亚型

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

3.2K 浏览

肾上腺能兴奋剂:直接作用药物

01:30

肾上腺能兴奋剂:直接作用药物

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.4K 浏览

肾上腺能激动剂:间接作用药物

01:25

肾上腺能激动剂:间接作用药物

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.4K 浏览

肾上腺素激动剂:混合作用药物

01:28

肾上腺素激动剂:混合作用药物

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.2K 浏览

肾上腺素激动剂:化学和结构活性关系

01:16

肾上腺素激动剂:化学和结构活性关系

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

3.7K 浏览

肾上腺素激动剂:治疗分类

01:18

肾上腺素激动剂:治疗分类

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.3K 浏览

肾上腺素类激动剂:治疗用途

01:30

肾上腺素类激动剂:治疗用途

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.5K 浏览

肾上腺素拮抗剂 ɑ-受体阻滞剂的化学和分类

01:17

肾上腺素拮抗剂 ɑ-受体阻滞剂的化学和分类

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.4K 浏览

肾上腺素拮抗剂:α-受体阻滞剂的药理作用

01:22

肾上腺素拮抗剂:α-受体阻滞剂的药理作用

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.3K 浏览

肾上腺素能拮抗剂:β-受体阻断剂的化学和分类

01:25

肾上腺素能拮抗剂:β-受体阻断剂的化学和分类

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.2K 浏览

肾上腺素拮抗剂:β-受体阻滞剂的药理作用

01:27

肾上腺素拮抗剂:β-受体阻滞剂的药理作用

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.4K 浏览

肾上腺素拮抗剂:ɑ和β受体阻滞剂

01:31

肾上腺素拮抗剂:ɑ和β受体阻滞剂

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.0K 浏览

影响神经递质合成的药物

01:29

影响神经递质合成的药物

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

2.0K 浏览

影响神经递质释放或摄取的药物

01:21

影响神经递质释放或摄取的药物

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.4K 浏览

青光眼:概述

01:25

青光眼:概述

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.1K 浏览

开角型青光眼:治疗

01:27

开角型青光眼:治疗

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

869 浏览

闭角型青光眼:治疗

01:28

闭角型青光眼:治疗

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

1.0K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code