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JoVE Core
Pharmacology
缺血性心脏病:概述
缺血性心脏病:概述
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
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JoVE Core Pharmacology
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

11.5: 缺血性心脏病:概述

3,487 Views
01:17 min
October 11, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

当心脏中的血液供应减少,从而导致氧气和营养严重缺乏时,就会发生缺血性心脏病。这种由血流减少或阻塞所引起的缺陷会带来危险,并导致心肌损伤和功能障碍。

动脉粥样硬化是造成这种危险状况的主要罪魁祸首。它表现为动脉壁内脂肪沉积的积累,这类似于潜在的斑块。随着时间的推移,这些斑块会发生变形,使动脉硬化和变窄,从而限制了重要的血流。当斑块破裂时,便会形成血栓,从而能够进一步阻塞冠状动脉。这种灾难性的事件可能会导致出现心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭或心源性猝死。

多种因素造成了缺血性心脏病这一可怕疾病。其中,年龄、性别、家族史、吸烟、高血压和胆固醇升高、肥胖、糖尿病和压力等因素编织出了一个复杂的易感性网络。

要应对这种无声的威胁,则必须采取积极主动的措施。生活方式的改变是维护健康的选择,能够增强心脏抵御即将到来的威胁。然而,现代医学是坚定的盟友。阿司匹林、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、有机硝酸盐和β受体阻滞剂等药物可以预防缺血性心脏病的潜在威胁。

当缺血性心脏病变得更加严重时,医疗干预则会采取更加积极的立场。血管成形术或搭桥手术等侵入性手术成为希望的灯塔。它们为恢复充足的血液流动铺平了道路,将心脏从这个沉默而强大的对手的手中拯救出来。

Transcript

当心脏的血液供应减少或受阻时,就会发生缺血性心脏病。这会导致氧气和营养输送不足,从而导致心肌损伤或功能障碍。

这种情况主要是由动脉粥样硬化引起的,即动脉壁内脂肪沉积或斑块的积累。

随着时间的推移,这些斑块会使动脉变硬和变窄,从而限制血液流动。

有时,斑块可能会破裂,引发凝块的形成,进一步阻塞冠状动脉,可能导致心绞痛、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭或心源性猝死。

缺血性心脏病的危险因素包括年龄、性别、家族史、吸烟、高血压和胆固醇、肥胖、糖尿病和压力。

这种疾病可以通过改变生活方式和药物(如阿司匹林、ACE 抑制剂、有机硝酸盐和β阻滞剂)来控制。

在更严重的情况下,可能需要血管成形术或搭桥手术等侵入性手术来恢复流向心脏的充足血流。

Explore More Videos

缺血性心脏病 血液供应 缺氧 动脉粥样硬化 脂肪沉积 动脉壁 冠状动脉 心绞痛 心肌梗塞 心力衰竭 危险因素 生活方式改变 药物 ACE 抑制剂 血管成形术 搭桥手术

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