-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
阿尔茨海默病:概述
阿尔茨海默病:概述
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Pharmacology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Overview

15.7: 阿尔茨海默病:概述

1,624 Views
01:26 min
December 19, 2024
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种持续进展的神经退行性疾病,其特点是记忆力逐渐丧失、认知功能障碍和痴呆。该病分为三个阶段:临床前、轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和痴呆。其发病隐匿,进展缓慢,其病因无法用其他疾病很好地解释。

AD 的临床诊断取决于是否存在记忆力和其他认知障碍。生物标志物,例如脑脊液中 Aβ 和 tau 蛋白的变化,正越来越多地被纳入诊断标准。影像生物标志物,例如海马萎缩和皮质代谢减慢,也在确诊中发挥关键作用。

在某些情况下,APP、PSEN1 和 PSEN2 基因的突变可引发具有常染色体显性遗传的早发性 AD。 AD 的病理生理学有两个关键特征:淀粉样斑块(Aβ 在细胞外的积累)和由 tau 蛋白组成的神经原纤维缠结。这些病理变化通过突触损伤、兴奋性毒性、氧化应激和神经炎症导致神经元功能障碍和死亡。

在神经化学方面,AD 中最显著的紊乱是乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 缺乏,这源于皮层下胆碱能神经元的萎缩和退化。目前的治疗主要是为了缓解症状,以胆碱酯酶抑制剂和美金刚 (Namenda) 为主要药物。AD 中常见的行为和精神症状可以通过这些药物、血清素抗抑郁药或非典型抗精神病药来控制。正在进行的研究探索了抗淀粉样蛋白抗体和其他针对淀粉样 β 蛋白和 tau 蛋白的药物,以改变 AD 的病程。

Transcript

阿尔茨海默病或 AD 是一种主要影响老年人的神经退行性疾病,通过三个阶段导致记忆力受损和认知能力下降:临床前、轻度认知障碍和痴呆。

其病理生理学涉及 Aβ 淀粉样蛋白斑块和 tau 蛋白神经原纤维缠结,导致胆碱能神经元丢失。

在神经化学上,AD 表现出乙酰胆碱、血清素和去甲肾上腺素的神经递质水平降低。

其临床诊断包括医学评估、脑成像、神经心理学评估和脑脊液分析。

脑脊液中的 Aβ 和 tau 蛋白变化、海马萎缩和影像学中的皮质代谢减退等特异性生物标志物证实了 AD。

某些基因突变,例如 APP、PSEN1 和 PSEN2,可以触发常染色体显性早发性 AD。

AD 的生化变化包括炎症、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍。

目前的治疗方法优先考虑症状缓解和疾病进展减缓。例如,胆碱酯酶抑制剂用于控制行为症状。

Explore More Videos

本月的 JoVE 期刊

Related Videos

抑郁症:概述

01:18

抑郁症:概述

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

804 浏览

抗抑郁药:概述

01:25

抗抑郁药:概述

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

1.4K 浏览

抗抑郁药:三环类抗抑郁药、SSRI 和 SNRI

01:28

抗抑郁药:三环类抗抑郁药、SSRI 和 SNRI

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

1.4K 浏览

抗抑郁药:MAOI 和其他药物

01:23

抗抑郁药:MAOI 和其他药物

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

837 浏览

帕金森病:概述

01:15

帕金森病:概述

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

1.8K 浏览

帕金森病:治疗

01:24

帕金森病:治疗

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

1.0K 浏览

阿尔茨海默病:概述

01:26

阿尔茨海默病:概述

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

1.6K 浏览

阿尔茨海默病:治疗

01:22

阿尔茨海默病:治疗

Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

832 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code