-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
镇静剂和催眠药:杂项药剂
Video Quiz
镇静剂和催眠药:杂项药剂
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Pharmacology
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

16.8: 镇静剂和催眠药:杂项药剂

775 Views
01:17 min
December 19, 2024
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

镇静剂和催眠药包含各种物质,每种物质都有其独特的作用机制、用途和潜在的副作用。

褪黑激素类似物,如雷美替胺 (Rozerem) 和他西美特胺 (Hetlioz),选择性地与褪黑激素受体 (MT1 和 MT2) 结合,从而模仿褪黑激素(一种调节睡眠-觉醒周期的激素)的作用。他西美特胺主要用于治疗盲人患者中常见的非 24 小时睡眠-觉醒障碍。它们还用于治疗失眠和时差反应。副作用包括头晕、头痛和白天嗜睡。

甲丙氨酯 (Miltown) 是一种通过调节 GABA_A 受体起作用的抗焦虑药。它很少被使用,因为有更安全、更有效的替代品。它与嗜睡、头晕以及罕见情况下的血小板减少等副作用有关。

依托咪酯 (Amidate) 和丙泊酚 (Diprivan) 是用于诱导和维持麻醉或镇静的静脉麻醉剂。它们主要通过增强 GABA_A 受体活性起作用。它们的使用可能与呼吸抑制和低血压有关。

氯美噻唑增强 GABA 能神经传递,其机制与传统巴比妥类药物相同。由于其镇静和抗惊厥作用,它有助于控制酒精戒断综合征。然而,它有依赖性和过量服用的风险。

普瑞巴林 (Lyrica) 调节钙通道和 GABA 受体。头晕是一种常见的副作用。

苏沃雷克斯安 (Belsomra) 通过阻断食欲素(一种参与觉醒的神经递质)来促进睡眠。副作用包括白天嗜睡、头痛和异常梦境。

多塞平 (Sinequan) 是一种三环类抗抑郁药,通过阻断组胺受体和增加去甲肾上腺素水平来治疗失眠。其使用可能会引发抗胆碱能副作用,如口干 (口干症)、便秘和尿潴留。

利坦色林和阿戈美拉汀 (Valdoxan) 是血清素拮抗剂,其副作用之一是失眠。人们正在研究它们在治疗各种精神疾病方面的潜力。不良反应可能包括恶心、头晕和肝功能检查异常。

虽然这些药物已被证明有助于治疗多种疾病,但必须仔细监测它们的使用,以减轻潜在不良反应和依赖性的风险。

Transcript

各种 CNS 抑制剂被用作镇静剂和催眠药,每一种都有不同的特性。

褪黑荷尔蒙同系物通过模仿褪黑荷尔蒙调节睡眠-觉醒周期的作用来帮助治疗失眠和时差。

水合氯醛因其镇静作用而被用于儿科医学。甲丙氨酯是一种抗焦虑药,可减少大脑活动以诱导放松。

依托咪酯和异丙酚是静脉麻醉剂,通常用于诱导和维持麻醉或镇静。它们主要通过增强 GABAA 受体活性发挥作用。

氯美噻唑也通过增强 GABA 能神经传递发挥作用,并有助于控制酒精戒断综合征。

Suvorexant 是一种食欲素受体拮抗剂,可促进睡眠。

Doxepin 是一种三环类抗抑郁药,通过低剂量阻断组胺受体来治疗失眠。

普瑞巴林与钙通道结合,调节钙内流并抑制兴奋性神经递质释放。

较新的药物包括阿戈美拉汀(一种 5-羟色胺拮抗褪黑激素激动剂)和利坦色林(一种 5-羟色胺拮抗剂)。

Explore More Videos

本月的 JoVE 期刊

Related Videos

焦虑:概述

01:18

焦虑:概述

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

1.2K 浏览

抗焦虑药物:概述

01:26

抗焦虑药物:概述

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

1.4K 浏览

抗焦虑药物:苯二氮卓类和丁螺环酮

01:29

抗焦虑药物:苯二氮卓类和丁螺环酮

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

2.9K 浏览

镇静剂和催眠药:概述

01:23

镇静剂和催眠药:概述

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

1.9K 浏览

失眠管理

01:19

失眠管理

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

759 浏览

镇静剂和催眠药:巴比妥类药物

01:20

镇静剂和催眠药:巴比妥类药物

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

1.2K 浏览

镇静剂和催眠药:苯二氮卓类

01:19

镇静剂和催眠药:苯二氮卓类

Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics

1.1K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code