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JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
连枷箱 II:治疗
连枷箱 II:治疗
JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
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JoVE Core Medical-Surgical Nursing
Flail Chest-II

5.5: 连枷箱 II:治疗

657 Views
01:26 min
October 25, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

连枷胸是一种以胸壁的一部分独立于胸廓其余部分移动为特征的疾病,治疗连枷胸需要采取综合方法。治疗方法包括全面评估患者状况、进行诊断评估以确定损伤程度,以及根据个人需求实施适当的医疗干预措施。

评估:

1.临床评价:

病史:

  • 护士获取创伤事件的详细病史,包括受伤机制。然后评估是否伴有其他损伤,如肺挫伤、气胸或其他胸部损伤。

体格检查:

  • 护士检查胸部是否有不对称、淤青或变形。触诊是否有压痛、摩擦音或肋骨周围异常运动。同时评估呼吸频率、深度和用力程度,注意呼吸窘迫的迹象。

2.诊断结果:

  • 影像学检查:使用胸部 X 光检查肋骨骨折、连枷节段及相关损伤。CT 扫描还可提供有关胸壁损伤程度和相关肺挫伤的详细信息。
  • 肺功能测试:评估基线肺功能并识别因连枷胸引起的任何损害。
  • 血液检查:全血细胞计数 (CBC) 用于监测感染或出血的迹象,并进行动脉血气 (ABG) 分析以评估氧合和酸碱平衡。

医疗管理:

连枷胸损伤所致呼吸功能障碍的治疗需根据病情的严重程度而定。

  • 对于轻度至中度病例,主要目标包括实现气道清理,并配合咳嗽、深呼吸和吸痰等技术。通过肋间神经阻滞、高胸椎硬膜外阻滞或谨慎静脉注射阿片类药物等干预措施来缓解疼痛。此外,还要注意通过密切监测液体摄入量和提供适当的液体补充来治疗潜在的肺挫伤。肺部物理治疗是管理计划不可或缺的一部分,其重点是通过激励性肺量计和颤振阀等特定技术来扩张肺容量和管理分泌物。
  • 相比之下,严重的连枷胸损伤需要更严密的治疗。气管内插管和机械通气对于实现连枷胸的内部气动稳定和纠正气体交换异常至关重要。这种综合干预不仅可以解决眼前问题,还可以治疗潜在的肺挫伤。此外,它还可以稳定胸廓,促进骨折愈合,增强肺泡通气,同时减少整体呼吸功。
  • 如果情况更严重,可以考虑手术干预以稳定胸壁肋骨。手术干预包括使用钢板、螺钉或其他固定装置来稳定连枷部分,为胸壁不稳定提供更直接、更持久的解决方案。
  • 肺部物理治疗和肋骨带或绷带等外部稳定技术对于促进最佳愈合至关重要。这些技术可支撑和稳定患处,促进康复并确保更有效的愈合过程。

定期复诊对于监测康复进展、并发症的可能性以及根据康复进展调整治疗至关重要。通过实施这些有效的干预措施,并由呼吸治疗师、物理治疗师、疼痛管理专家和外科医生组成的多学科团队,患者可以体验到更好的治疗效果,并更快地恢复正常的日常活动。

Transcript

连枷胸的管理包括评估损伤,其中医疗保健提供者直接从患者或护理人员那里收集创伤事件的详细病史,包括损伤机制。

他们评估异常的肋骨运动或捻发音,同时评估呼吸频率、深度和呼吸窘迫的体征。

为了进一步检查,进行胸部 X 光检查以检测连枷节段和胸壁损伤,而 CT 扫描可以识别肺挫伤和气胸。

管理策略因严重程度而异。对于轻至中度损伤,目标是通过体位、深呼吸练习、咳嗽和抽吸来清除气道。

疼痛管理选择包括患者自控镇痛、肋间神经阻滞、硬膜外镇痛和胸膜内阿片类药物。

严重的连枷性胸部损伤可能需要机械通气来稳定胸部并改善气体交换。

在某些情况下,使用钢板和螺钉进行手术固定来稳定肋骨和胸壁。

此外,肺部物理治疗和外部稳定技术可促进最佳愈合。

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