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JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
造口护理
造口护理
JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
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JoVE Core Medical-Surgical Nursing
Ostomy Care

12.17: 造口护理

2,211 Views
01:24 min
January 17, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

介绍

造口术是一种外科手术,通过在肠道和体外之间建立一个人工开口,从而重新引导排泄物的流向。这个开口称为造口。造口通常突起于皮肤表面,呈粉红色或红色、湿润、圆形,并且没有神经感觉。

造口术有多种类型,包括结肠造口术、回肠造口术和尿路造口术:

  1. 结肠造口术是将结肠或大肠的一部分带到腹部表面以形成造口,通常位于腹部左侧。当结肠的一部分因结直肠癌、憩室炎或损伤等原因被切除或需要绕道时,常需要进行结肠造口术。结肠的废物会被收集到连接在造口上的结肠造口袋中。根据具体病情,结肠造口术可能是暂时的,也可能是永久的。
  2. 回肠造口术是将小肠的末端部分(回肠)通过腹壁带出体外。需要绕过或切除整个结肠时,会进行回肠造口术。回肠的废物会被收集在专用袋中,类似于结肠造口术。这种造口术通常是暂时的,但也可能是永久的,常见于克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎等疾病患者。
  3. 尿路造口术是另一种类型的造口术,通过腹部的开口将尿液引流。通常在膀胱因膀胱癌等疾病被切除或绕过时进行。

造口护理步骤

  1. 准备和卫生:先彻底洗手以防止感染。佩戴一次性手套以卫生地处理造口和护理用品。
  2. 收集用品:准备所需物品,包括新造口袋、皮肤屏障/薄片、剪刀(根据需要调整屏障大小)、造口测量工具、干净的毛巾或湿巾、温水(仅在推荐时使用肥皂或面霜),以及一个处理用过造口袋的废物袋。
  3. 移除旧造口袋:轻轻将旧造口袋从皮肤上取下,以避免刺激皮肤,并妥善处理。
  4. 清洁造口和周围皮肤:检查造口及周围皮肤是否有炎症、坏死、持续出血、分泌物、脓液或其他异常。如发现异常,应立即咨询医疗专业人员。用温水和软布清洁造口周围皮肤,并轻轻拍干。
  5. 测量并准备皮肤屏障:使用造口测量工具调整屏障尺寸,并将其裁剪至与造口周围紧密贴合但不接触的大小。
  6. 更换新造口袋:将皮肤屏障牢固地贴合在造口周围,并按照制造商说明固定造口袋。
  7. 处理废物和手部卫生:妥善处理所有用过的物品,脱下手套并彻底洗手。
  8. 记录与沟通:将操作过程记录在患者病历中,包括对造口及皮肤状况的观察,并报告任何异常情况。

造口袋的更换频率应根据造口袋的类型和患者的具体需求进行调整。为患者和护理人员提供有关造口护理的情感支持和教育至关重要。应向他们讲解并发症的可能迹象,例如造口外观的异常变化、异味或造口周围皮肤的刺激状况,以便及时发现问题并采取适当措施。

Transcript

造口术是一种外科手术,在肠道中创建一个通向身体外部的人工开口。

这个开口称为造口,可将体内废物重新定向到体外。造口有多种形式,包括结肠造口术和回肠造口术。

造口护理从收集必要的用品开始,包括新的造口袋或造口袋、皮肤屏障、剪刀、温水、软布和一次性袋。

之后,护士应彻底洗手并戴上一双新手套。

然后,小心地取下旧的造口袋系统,丢弃用过的手套,并戴上一副新手套。

接下来,用软布用温水精细清洁造口和邻近皮肤,同时观察造口颜色或大小的任何变化。

假设底盘需要调整大小以适合造口,追踪并切割它以紧贴造口,而无需施加压力。

然后,应平稳地使用屏障,确保其粘附没有皱纹或缝隙。

手术后,将用过的造口袋丢弃在指定的袋子中,摘下手套,洗手并记录过程。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Ostomy - A surgical procedure for creating an artificial opening (stoma) from the intestine to the outside of the body.
  • Stoma - Rerouted opening of the intestine on the skin surface for waste removal.
  • Colostomy - An ostomy involving the rerouting of the colon due to conditions like colorectal cancer or diverticulitis.
  • Ileostomy - An ostomy involving the rerouting of the ileum, relevant for conditions such as Crohn's disease.
  • Urostomy - An ostomy diverting urine through an abdominal opening due to conditions such as bladder cancer.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Ostomy - Understand the concept of creating artificial openings (e.g., ostomies).
  • Contrast Colostomy, Ileostomy, and Urostomy - Assess key differences (e.g., ostomy types).
  • Explore Ostomy Care Steps - Gain knowledge on care steps (e.g., stoma and ostomy care procedures).
  • Explain Importance of Hygiene - Understand the importance of hygiene for care (e.g., hand hygiene, disposables).
  • Apply Ostomy Care in Practical Scenario - Understand how to apply steps in real-life situations (stoma care, ostomy care).

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is ostomy and why is it necessary?
  • What are the different types of ostomy procedures and their purposes?
  • What are the essential steps in ostomy care?

This video is also useful for

  • Nursing Students - Understand the different types of ostomies and how their care can support patient recovery.
  • Healthcare Educators - Gain a clear framework on ostomies and their care for teaching purposes.
  • Medical Researchers - Discover the relevance of ostomy procedures and care in surgical study and methodologies.
  • Medical Enthusiasts - Learn about ostomies and their care out of personal interest or preparation for patient care.

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