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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
时间药代动力学: 昼夜节律和对药物反应的影响
时间药代动力学: 昼夜节律和对药物反应的影响
JoVE Core
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
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JoVE Core Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

8.9: 时间药代动力学: 昼夜节律和对药物反应的影响

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01:15 min
February 12, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

昼夜节律是周期性变化,对血浆药物浓度至关重要。各种标准昼夜节律参数,包括核心体温、心率和其他心血管因素,直接影响疾病状态和对药物治疗的治疗反应。

给药时间是一个需要考虑的重要因素,因为它会影响药物的毒性剂量。例如,Prins 等人在 1997 年进行的一项研究检查了氨基糖苷类药物给药时间对 221 名患者血清氨基糖苷类药物水平和肾毒性发生率的影响。该研究发现,不同给药期的药物谷或峰值药物水平没有统计学意义差异。然而,当氨基糖苷类药物在休息时间 (12 am-7:30 am) 给药时,肾毒性的发生率显着更高,表明给药时间是肾毒性的独立危险因素。

昼夜节律变化也会影响慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 患者的药物反应。睡眠周期中呼吸的变化会加重一些 COPD 患者的低氧血症症状。此外,在急性心肌梗死、心源性猝死和中风的发生率中观察到昼夜节律变化。有利于凝血的血小板聚集在清晨增加,与这些心血管事件的发生高峰相吻合。

时间依赖性药代动力学和生理功能在治疗某些高血压受试者中很重要。清晨血压升高的高血压患者可能面临中风或高血压危象风险增加。维拉帕米是一种常用的抗高血压药,其对前臂血管阻力 (FVR) 和清晨血压升高的影响已被研究。高血压和正常血压个体的 FVR 昼夜模式不同,维拉帕米似乎使高血压患者 FVR 的昼夜变化最小。然而,它并没有显着影响清晨血压升高的速度。

总体而言,了解昼夜节律对药物浓度和治疗反应的影响对于优化各种医疗状况的治疗策略至关重要。通过考虑时间依赖性的药代动力学和生理功能,医疗保健专业人员可以做出明智的决策,以改善患者的预后并最大限度地降低潜在风险。

Transcript

昼夜节律通过生理功能的规律波动影响血浆药物浓度的周期性变化。

核心体温、心率和其他心血管参数等标准昼夜节律参数会影响疾病状态和对药物治疗的治疗反应。

根据给药时间,药物的毒性剂量也可以变化。

例如,血压遵循昼夜节律,早上达到峰值,晚上下降。

如果高血压患者的夜间血压降低,则可以归类为 dipper,如果夜间血压没有降低,则可以归类为 non dipper。

Dipper 患者应在清晨服用抗高血压药物。相比之下,非 dipper 患者需要晚上给药来控制高血压并使他们的 24 小时血压状况正常化。

时间依赖性药代动力学是治疗高血压受试者的关键考虑因素,这些受试者的清晨血压升高会增加中风的风险。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Chronopharmacokinetics - Study of how drug levels in the body vary with circadian rhythms.
  • Circadian Rhythms - Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
  • Nephrotoxicity - Damage to the kidneys caused by drugs or toxins.
  • Hypertension - Consistently high blood pressure.
  • Verapamil - A medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart-related chest pain.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Chronopharmacokinetics – Explains how circadian rhythms influence drug levels in the body (e.g., circadian rhythm and its influence in chrono therapeutics).
  • Contrast Chronopharmacokinetics vs Toxicology – Detail how time of drug administration can affect toxicity (e.g., nephrotoxicity and aminoglycoside administration time).
  • Explore Examples – Discuss how circadian changes impact drug response (e.g., COPD patients and myocardial infarction rate).
  • Explain Mechanism or Process – Detail how time-dependent pharmacokinetics functions in treating hypertension.
  • Apply in Context – Understand how professionals can use this knowledge to improve patient outcomes.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is chronopharmacokinetics and how does it relate to circadian rhythms?
  • How does the time of drug administration affect its toxic dose?
  • What impact do circadian changes have on the therapeutic response in COPD patients?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Understand how chronopharmacokinetics can aid in optimizing treatment strategies.
  • Educators – Provides a clear framework for teaching about circadian rhythms and drug administration.
  • Researchers – Relevance for scientific studies on drug administration and disease states.
  • Healthcare Professionals – Practical implications for improving patient outcomes and minimizing risks.

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