4.11: 梦游和梦话

梦游症，通常称为梦游，是指个体从事从简单的行走到更复杂的行为如驾驶等的各种活动。梦游通常发生在夜间早些时候慢波睡眠阶段 3 和 4 期间，此时人没有做梦，这与梦游者在梦中表演的说法相矛盾。

增加梦游可能性的因素包括睡眠不足和饮酒。与普遍看法相反，唤醒梦游者是安全的，因为如果让他们在黑暗中无人看管，他们可能会危及自己。

梦话或梦呓是另一种奇特的睡眠行为，即个体在睡眠中说话。他们可对问题作出回应并说出连贯的语句，但没有意识或事后无法回忆起这些事件。因此，他们回答的可靠性值得怀疑。

一种与睡眠药物（尤其是用于治疗失眠的安眠药）有关的罕见而有趣的行为是睡眠进食。服用安眠药的人报告称，他们出现了异常行为，例如发现食品包装纸和丢失的食物，而他们却不记得自己吃过。服用这种药物表明，有些人可能会在看似睡着的情况下做出复杂的动作，睡眠进食是该药物制造商指出的一个显著副作用。

睡眠驾驶是一种在服用安眠药（如安必恩）后可能出现的极端行为，尽管这种现象仍然很罕见。

从历史上看，治疗梦游症的方法包括苯二氮卓类药物和抗抑郁药等药物疗法，但这些方法收效甚微。值得注意的是，研究表明，治疗潜在的睡眠呼吸问题可显著减少梦游事件，这表明解决这些基础问题比直接针对梦游更有效。

梦游，也称为梦游症，发生在深度睡眠的第 3 阶段和第 4 阶段，此时个体最不可能做梦。

在梦游发作期间，个体经常睁着眼睛但没有反应，并且通常不记得这些事件。

梦游的常见诱因包括睡眠剥夺和饮酒。例如，因工作截止日期而熬夜或在聚会上喝酒可能会增加风险。

指导梦游者以防止潜在的伤害（例如在暗室中绊倒）通常是安全的。

另一种不寻常的夜间行为是梦话，也称为睡眠语，它涉及在睡眠中在没有意识或准确记忆对话的情况下说话。

个人可能看起来对问题有回答，但他们的回答通常不可靠。

Ambien 是一种用于治疗睡眠障碍的药物，具有不寻常的副作用，例如睡眠进食，当用户在睡眠中无意识地进食时，通常会在醒来时发现意想不到的食物包装纸或丢失的食物。

• Somnambulism – The act of walking or performing complex behaviors while asleep.
• Somniloquy – The act of talking during sleep, often without conscious awareness or memory.
• Sleep Deprivation – A condition of not having enough sleep which can increase the likelihood of sleepwalking.
• Alcohol Consumption – Can amplify the likelihood of sleepwalking and talking in sleep.
• Ambien – A sleep medication that can trigger complex sleep behaviors like sleep eating or sleep driving.

• Define Somniloquy – Understand the act of talking during sleep (e.g., sleep talking psychology).
• Contrast Sleepwalking vs Sleep Talking – Identify key differences (e.g., conscious activity in sleep).
• Explore Sleep Conditions – Describe effects of Sleep Deprivation and Alcohol on sleep (e.g., sleep walking talking).
• Explain Sleep Medication Side Effects – Understand how Ambien can trigger sleep eating and sleep driving.
• Apply Somnambulism in Context – Study scenarios about sleepwalking and talking in adults.

• What is Somnambulism and how does alcohol consumption affect it?
• What are the differences between sleepwalking and sleep talking?
• How do sleep deprivation and Alcohol trigger sleepwalking?

• Students – Understand how the study of Somnambulism and Somniloquy supports student awareness of sleep disorders.
• Educators – It provides a clear framework for teaching the impacts of sleep deprivation and alcohol on sleep disorders.
• Researchers – The subject of sleep disorders offers relevance for scientific study or psychology methodology.
• Science Enthusiasts – The study of Somnambulism and Somniloquy offers insights and wider interest for all who are curious about the science of sleep.