-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Calculus
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Biopharma

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools
Biopharma

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Calculus

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
主要动机:饥饿和口渴
主要动机:饥饿和口渴
JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Introduction to Psychology
Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst

8.3: 主要动机:饥饿和口渴

1,399 Views
01:25 min
January 8, 2025
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

饥饿和口渴是维持体内平衡和确保人类与动物的生存的基本生理驱动力。这些驱动力通过大脑、激素和感觉受体之间复杂的相互作用来进行调节。

当大脑检测到体内营养水平(包括葡萄糖、脂类、氨基酸、生长素释放肽和瘦素等激素)的变化时,就会引发饥饿感。下丘脑在饥饿调节中发挥着核心作用。外侧下丘脑充当着饥饿中枢,在身体需要能量时激发进食的驱动力。相比之下,腹内侧下丘脑则能够发出饱腹信号,表明身体已经摄入了足够的营养。激素信号(例如刺激饥饿的生长素释放肽和促进饱腹感的瘦素)会向下丘脑提供反馈,从而确保能量平衡。环境刺激(例如食物的观感、气味和味道)也会对饥饿感产生影响,即使身体可能不需要营养,也会触发进食欲望。

口渴的动机可以用双重减液说来解释,这一假说认为细胞和细胞外脱水都会促使人们喝水。细胞脱水指的是细胞失水,从而导致细胞内溶质浓度升高。下丘脑中的渗透压感受器可以检测到这种不平衡,进而激发恢复水分平衡的机制。另一方面,细胞外脱水指的是细胞外液中的水分流失,从而导致了血容量减少和血压降低。这会触发垂体中的抗利尿激素(ADH)和肾脏中的肾素等激素的分泌,这两种激素都起到了保存水分和促进口渴感的作用。这些机制会共同帮助维持适当的水分和体液平衡。

Transcript

饥饿和口渴是指导人类和动物生存行为的两种基本生理驱动力。

当大脑检测到体内营养物质的变化时,如葡萄糖、脂质、氨基酸和激素,如生长素释放肽和瘦素,就会触发饥饿感。

下丘脑主要调节饥饿感。下丘脑外侧启动进食的驱动力,而腹内侧下丘脑则发出饱腹感或饱腹感的信号。

环境线索,例如食物的视觉、嗅觉和味道,也会影响饥饿感。

或者,双重耗竭假说解释了口渴动机,表明细胞和细胞外脱水会引发口渴。

当身体从细胞中流失水分时,就会发生细胞脱水,渗透压感受器在下丘脑中检测到水分以调节水分平衡。

此外,当水分流失减少血容量,降低血压时,就会发生细胞外脱水。

血压下降会刺激垂体分泌抗利尿激素和肾脏分泌肾素等激素,进一步促进口渴感。

Explore More Videos

空值 问题

Related Videos

动机和情绪简介

01:29

动机和情绪简介

Motivation and Emotion

1.3K 浏览

动机周期

01:20

动机周期

Motivation and Emotion

1.2K 浏览

主要动机:睡眠、性和疼痛避免

01:24

主要动机:睡眠、性和疼痛避免

Motivation and Emotion

5.8K 浏览

次要动机:权力动机和成就动机

01:27

次要动机:权力动机和成就动机

Motivation and Emotion

582 浏览

次要动机:归属动机和攻击动机

01:25

次要动机:归属动机和攻击动机

Motivation and Emotion

722 浏览

本能理论

01:23

本能理论

Motivation and Emotion

1.2K 浏览

内驱力降低说:动机推动理论

01:27

内驱力降低说:动机推动理论

Motivation and Emotion

1.3K 浏览

激励理论:动机拉动理论

01:18

激励理论:动机拉动理论

Motivation and Emotion

944 浏览

最佳唤醒理论

01:23

最佳唤醒理论

Motivation and Emotion

875 浏览

马斯洛需求层次理论

01:27

马斯洛需求层次理论

Motivation and Emotion

1.1K 浏览

瑞安(Ryan)和德西(Deci)的自我决定理论

01:14

瑞安(Ryan)和德西(Deci)的自我决定理论

Motivation and Emotion

15.8K 浏览

情绪生理机制

01:12

情绪生理机制

Motivation and Emotion

3.4K 浏览

情绪表达

01:26

情绪表达

Motivation and Emotion

1.1K 浏览

情绪标注

01:20

情绪标注

Motivation and Emotion

735 浏览

生理学理论:詹姆斯-兰格情绪理论

01:15

生理学理论:詹姆斯-兰格情绪理论

Motivation and Emotion

2.2K 浏览

生理学理论:坎农-巴德情绪理论

01:22

生理学理论:坎农-巴德情绪理论

Motivation and Emotion

1.8K 浏览

认知理论:沙赫特-辛格情绪理论

01:20

认知理论:沙赫特-辛格情绪理论

Motivation and Emotion

1.8K 浏览

认知理论:拉扎勒斯情绪中介理论

01:16

认知理论:拉扎勒斯情绪中介理论

Motivation and Emotion

2.1K 浏览

面部反馈假设

01:24

面部反馈假设

Motivation and Emotion

680 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
  • Biopharma
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • JoVE Newsroom
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2026 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code