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JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
次要动机:归属动机和攻击动机
次要动机:归属动机和攻击动机
JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
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JoVE Core Introduction to Psychology
Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

8.6: 次要动机:归属动机和攻击动机

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01:21 min
January 8, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

归属动机是与他人建立联系并归属于某个社会群体的内在需求,它在建立和维持人际关系方面发挥着至关重要的作用。并且这种动机对于心理健康来说是至关重要的,因为它为个人提供了一种社区感和支持感。例如,一个学生加入一个学习小组是为了感受到一种联系感。具有较高的归属动机的人会积极寻求社会认可,能够在群体成员身份中获得满足感,并且会避免可能危及他们的社会纽带的冲突。

研究表明,归属动机源于进化生存。早期人类的生存所需的保护、狩猎和资源共享都依赖于社会合作。成为群体的一员增加了生存的机会,同时培养了形成社会纽带的自然倾向。随着时间的推移,这种归属感逐渐融入了人类的行为中,同时促进了维持积极关系和降低被社会排斥风险的行为。

相比之下,攻击动机通常源于对支配地位的渴望或对挫折的反应。它突出表现为旨在控制他人或表达不满的行为。攻击性可以表现为语言、肢体或被动行为,例如当某人通过故意延迟电子邮件的回复来表达不满时。

攻击性行为可分为工具性攻击和敌对性攻击。工具性攻击是有目的并且由目标所驱动的;例如,足球运动员可能会为了阻止对方球队得分而进行强力铲球。相比之下,敌对性攻击的动机是造成伤害,就像员工因沮丧而对同事大喊大叫时一样,其目的不是解决问题,而是造成精神痛苦。这种区别强调了攻击性反应的多样性,并且是由潜在动机和情境触发因素所决定的。

Transcript

归属动机是与他人联系并属于社会群体的内在需求,对于维持人际关系和整体心理健康至关重要。

例如,一个学生加入学习小组以感到有联系,这表明了从属关系动机。

具有较高归属感动机的人寻求社会认可,在群体归属感中找到满足感,并避免可能损害社会纽带的冲突。

研究表明,归属动机源于进化生存,因为早期人类依赖社会合作来实现安全、狩猎和资源共享。

相比之下,攻击性动机通常源于对支配地位的渴望或对挫折的反应,表现为口头、身体或被动行为,例如故意延迟电子邮件回复。

攻击性行为可以是工具性的,也可以是敌对性的。工具性侵略是目标驱动的,就像足球运动员做出有力的铲球来阻止进球一样。

敌意攻击是由造成伤害的意图驱动的,例如当员工出于沮丧而对同事大喊大叫时,意图伤害而不是取得富有成效的结果。

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