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Home
JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
情绪生理机制
情绪生理机制
JoVE Core
Introduction to Psychology
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JoVE Core Introduction to Psychology
Physiology of Emotion

8.13: 情绪生理机制

3,506 Views
01:20 min
January 8, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

情绪生理机制是一个包括自主神经系统、大脑结构、激素和神经递质的多方面的过程。这种错综复杂的相互作用决定了情绪在身体中的表现方式和对行为的影响方式。

自主神经系统

自主神经系统(ANS)通过调节非自主生理功能,在情绪反应中发挥着关键的作用。它由两个主要部分组成:交感神经系统和副交感神经系统。交感神经系统会在情绪唤醒时激活,导致心率加快、呼吸加快、瞳孔扩张和口干。这些生理反应通常被称为“战斗或逃跑”反应,可以让身体做好应对压力或危险的准备。相比之下,副交感神经系统能够促进休息和恢复,使身体在压力事件后恢复平静状态。

大脑结构和情绪调节

下丘脑和杏仁核等关键大脑结构是调节情绪的核心。下丘脑将神经系统与内分泌系统连接在一起,从而影响激素的释放。杏仁核对于处理恐惧和攻击等情绪来说是至关重要的。杏仁核受损的人在识别他人这些情绪的能力上受到损坏,这凸显了杏仁核在社交和情绪感知中的重要性。大脑皮层也参与了情绪处理,其两个半球发挥着不同的作用:左半球在积极情绪(例如快乐)中更加活跃,而右半球则在消极情绪(包括悲伤和焦虑)中更加活跃。

激素和神经递质

激素的波动会显著地影响情绪状态。当一种名为皮质醇的压力激素升高时,会增强压力和焦虑。相比之下,催产素(通常被称为“爱情激素”)会促进社会联系和信任感。神经递质也能够调节情绪;血清素水平低与攻击性有关,而多巴胺则与愉悦感和奖励机制有关。这一复杂的系统和信号网络是人类多种情感的基础。

Transcript

情绪的生理学涉及自主神经系统、大脑结构、激素和神经递质之间的复杂相互作用。

自主神经系统通过交感神经系统通过增加心率、加速呼吸、导致口干和瞳孔放大来触发觉醒。

相比之下,副交感神经系统使身体平静,促进休息和恢复。

关键的大脑结构,包括下丘脑和杏仁核,调节恐惧和攻击性等情绪反应。

杏仁核的损伤会损害识别他人恐惧和攻击性的能力。

大脑皮层参与情绪处理,左半球在快乐等积极情绪中更加活跃,右半球在悲伤和焦虑等消极情绪中活跃。

同样,皮质醇等激素水平升高会提高对压力的敏感性,而催产素会促进社会联系。

此外,血清素等神经递质水平低会导致攻击性,而多巴胺则与愉悦感和奖励感有关。

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