精神分裂症的阴性症状和认知症状

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent a reduction or loss in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives, in contrast to the distortions or excesses seen in positive symptoms.

These negative symptoms may include social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and lack of emotions.

One example is flat affect, where an individual shows little or no emotional expression through facial expressions, speech, or movements, even in situations where emotions are typically expected.

Similarly, avolition refers to a lack of motivation to plan or initiate meaningful activities, including basic tasks such as bathing or grooming.

Alogia is characterized by reduced speech output, where affected individuals speak minimally.

Asociality involves social withdrawal and a lack of interest in social interactions.

Lastly, anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure from activities typically considered enjoyable, such as hobbies or recreational activities.

Additionally, cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include difficulties with attention, memory retention, self-reflection, and decision-making. Oftentimes, difficulties with attention, memory retention,  or decision-making are only detectable through neuropsychological tests.