Code Division Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a wireless communication method that allows multiple users to share the same frequency band by separating signals with distinct codes. During transmission, each data stream is multiplied by a spreading code, and the receiver uses code correlation to recover the intended signal while distinguishing it from differently coded streams. In bioengineering, CDMA principles can support wireless biomedical sensors, implanted-device telemetry, and body-area networks that transmit physiological measurements. By enabling simultaneous communication within a shared spectrum, CDMA can help connect distributed devices and improve the coordination of systems used for monitoring, diagnostics, and research.

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JoVE Lab Manual - Biology

Cell Division - Concepts

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2019

Cell division is fundamental to all living organisms and required for growth and development. As an essential means of reproduction for all living things, cell division allows organisms to transfer their genetic material to their offspring. For a unicellular organism, cellular division generates a completely new organism. For multicellular organisms, cellular division produces new cells for the general development of the organism, as well as produces healthy cells to replace damaged cells from...

Cell Division - Student Protocol

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2019

Observing the Cell Cycle in a Root Tip ExpandHypotheses: The experimental hypothesis is that in root tips slices that have been treated with nocodazole, a chemical that interferes with microtubular polymerization, all of the cells will be arrested at the same stage of the cell cycle and that in untreated onion tip slices all of the different stages of the cell cycle will be visualized. The null hypothesis is that there will be no differences in mitosis between the two groups and that different...

An Introduction to Cell Division

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2023

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides and gives rise to two or more daughter cells. It is a means of reproduction for single-cell organisms. In multicellular organisms, cell division contributes to growth, development, repair, and the generation of reproductive cells (sperms and eggs). Cell division is a tightly regulated process, and aberrant cell division can cause diseases, notably cancer. JoVE's Introduction to Cell Division will cover a brief history of the landmark...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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2020

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

Eusociality and Division of Labor - Concepts

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2019

Social Organization Varying levels of social organization are observed within the animal kingdom, ranging from simple to highly complex. These systems can greatly enhance the survival and reproductive success of an individual or a population. Of these, eusociality is the highest level of social organization, involving divisions of labor based on social castes. However, this system is rarely observed in nature, as it requires individuals to help others in the population at great survival or...

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