Animal Pollinators
Animal Pollinators - Related Videos
02:40
Pollination and Flower Structure
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2020
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs. Flowers must be pollinated to produce seeds. In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of the stamen (the male structure) to the stigma of the carpel (the female structure). Flowers may be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated.
07:19
Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea
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Cited by 1 •
2016
To reveal the pollinator effectiveness of a given plant species, multiple methods of field experiments have been developed. This study demonstrates the basic methods of field experiments for pollination ecology using the case study of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea and the novel pollination mechanism, breaking-bud pollination.
07:03
Establishing Pollination Requirements in Japanese Plum by Phenological Monitoring, Hand Pollinations, Fluorescence Microscopy and Molecular Genotyping
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Cited by 6 •
2020
A methodology for the determination of pollination requirements in Japanese plum-type hybrids is described, which combines field- and laboratory-pollinations and observations of pollen tubes under the fluorescence microscopy with the identification of S-genotypes by PCR and the monitoring of flowering for the selection of pollinizers.
26:43
Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli
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Cited by 8 •
2007
Computer-generated stimuli using the Jacky dragon as a model.
06:57
Animal Diversity - Student Protocol
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2019
Form and Function of Crickets and Crayfish ExpandNOTE: To observe the relationship between form and function in animals, you will be examining and dissecting a cricket and a crayfish. Each pair of students will receive one of each of these organisms. When dissecting, be sure to wear gloves, closed-toed shoes, and safety goggles. Take care when handling dissecting tools, as they may be sharp. HYPOTHESES: In this experiment, the experimental hypothesis could be that the cricket and crayfish have...
FAQs
Color, scent, shape, and timing can influence which animals visit particular flowers and when those visits occur. These traits help determine how effectively pollen contacts an animal’s body and later reaches a receptive stigma. Consequently, floral characteristics affect the likelihood of successful plant reproduction and shape interactions between flowering plants and their animal visitors.
Pollen must move from the flower where it was acquired to the receptive stigma of another flower. Its adherence to an animal’s body creates a physical route between flowers, while contact with the stigma allows fertilization to begin. The success of this process connects animal movement and feeding behavior directly with seed and fruit production.
Bees, butterflies, moths, birds, and bats all contribute to pollination, but their visits occur within different animal-plant interactions. Flowers may offer nectar, pollen, or other resources that attract these visitors, while floral color, scent, shape, and timing influence visitation. This diversity of pollinators supports varied flowering plants and contributes to diverse ecosystems.
Timing influences whether an animal encounters flowers when resources are available and whether pollen can reach a receptive stigma. Floral timing is therefore one of the characteristics that shapes plant-pollinator interactions. When visits align with the plant’s reproductive stage, the interaction can contribute to fertilization, seed formation, and later fruit production.
Animal pollinators affect seed and fruit production in crops as well as in wild plants. Their visits connect flower-level interactions with agricultural productivity, making pollination an important biological process in food-producing systems. Studying these relationships helps explain how animal activity influences reproductive outcomes and why changes in pollinator communities can matter to agriculture.
Pollinator decline can alter the interactions that support reproduction in flowering plants and may affect seed and fruit production. Because animal pollinators contribute to both wild plant communities and crops, their reduction has ecological and agricultural consequences. Biology studies use these relationships to examine ecosystem change, species interactions, and the stability of plant reproduction.