Conservation Matter

Conservation of matter is the scientific principle that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system, although it can change form and move between components. In biological systems, chemical reactions rearrange atoms as organisms obtain nutrients, synthesize biomolecules, release waste, and transfer materials through processes such as metabolism and decomposition. Elemental cycles, including the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles, demonstrate how matter circulates among organisms and the environment. Understanding this principle helps biologists track energy-related materials, interpret ecosystem dynamics, assess nutrient availability, and evaluate how human activities alter the movement of matter through living systems.

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JoVE Core - Chemistry

The Atomic Theory of Matter

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2020

The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers thought about atoms and “elements” as...

Conservation of Momentum

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2023

Source: Nicholas Timmons, Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA The goal of this experiment is to test the concept of the conservation of momentum. By setting up a surface with very little friction, collisions between moving objects can be studied, including their initial and final momenta. The conservation of momentum is one of the most important laws in physics. When something is conserved in physics, the...

Classifying Matter by State

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2020

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. Solids are characterized by a definite shape and volume. In a solid, the particles (atoms or...

Classifying Matter by Composition

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2020

Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. A mixture is composed of two or more types of...

Conserved Binding Sites

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2020

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function. Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...

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