Risk Propagation
Risk Propagation - Related Videos
19:15
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Cited by 40 •
2014
The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was developed as an assessment for the at-risk infant. The purpose of this article is to describe the NNNS, provide video examples of the NNNS procedures and discuss the ways in which the exam has been used.
01:07
Propagation of Waves
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2023
When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free. Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
01:23
Propagation of Action Potentials
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2025
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron. Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
07:10
At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques
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Cited by 6 •
2020
Here, we present protocols for 1) the laboratory captive propagation of the federally endangered Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri), and 2) assessing basic life history information such as immature development time and number of larval stadia. Both methods can be adapted for use with other ex situ conservation programs.
05:22
Isolation and Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Mouse Cancer Model
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Cited by 8 •
2015
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to play an important role in tumor metastasis. Here, a method for the isolation and propagation of CTCs from the whole blood of a syngeneic mouse tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis is described.
FAQs
Dependencies create pathways through which a change in one component affects connected components or processes. If the affected component supplies a function, alters another component’s condition, or increases exposure to a hazard, downstream effects may become more likely or more severe. Mapping these relationships helps engineers identify which connections can transmit risk and where intervention may limit wider consequences.
Shared resources can connect otherwise separate components to the same failure condition, allowing one disruption to affect multiple parts of a system. Feedback loops can further reinforce changing conditions, so an initial problem produces effects that increase the likelihood or severity of additional problems. Recognizing both mechanisms helps explain why cascades may accelerate under common operating conditions.
A local hazard becomes a system-level concern when its effects alter the state of connected components, processes, or resources. Those altered conditions can create additional failure pathways and expand the consequences beyond the original location. Engineers therefore examine interactions and dependencies, not only the initiating event, when assessing whether a component-level problem could develop into a broader cascade.
Engineers first identify hazards and the components, processes, or resources linked to them. They then map plausible dependencies and interactions, assess how an altered state could affect downstream elements, and estimate possible consequences with an appropriate analytical model. The results can guide design changes, maintenance priorities, emergency planning, and other decisions intended to limit cascading failures.
Several complementary methods can represent propagation pathways and estimate downstream effects. Fault trees organize relationships leading to undesired events, Bayesian networks represent dependencies among conditions, reliability analysis evaluates failure-related behavior, and system-level simulations examine broader interactions. Selecting among these approaches depends on how the engineering system and its connected risks need to be represented.
This analysis is useful when engineers must identify hazards that could extend beyond an initiating component or process. Its results can support resilient design, prioritize maintenance, improve emergency planning, and inform decisions about limiting cascading failures. The approach is especially relevant to complex infrastructure and technological systems where dependencies and shared operating conditions connect many elements.