Question 1

Why is necropsy necessary when alternative research methods are available?

Accepted Answer

Necropsy is essential when new approach methodologies like organ-on-chip systems, organoids, and in silico models cannot capture whole-body effects such as metastasis, long-term toxicity, or causes of unexpected death. These alternatives lack the complexity to replicate systemic interactions, making necropsy critical for comprehensive postmortem analysis and understanding disease progression in living organisms.

Question 2

What is the purpose of using 10% neutral buffered formalin in tissue preservation?

Accepted Answer

Neutral buffered formalin is the standard fixative used to preserve collected tissues for histological examination. It prevents tissue decay, autolysis, and putrefaction while stopping ongoing biochemical reactions and increasing mechanical strength and stability. Proper fixation is critical because tissue samples must be approximately 0.5-1 cm thick to allow sufficient penetration of the fixative solution.

Question 3

How does the euthanasia method impact tissue quality in necropsy procedures?

Accepted Answer

The euthanasia method significantly affects sample quality. Carbon dioxide is commonly used because it causes animals to lose consciousness before pain perception, minimizing distress. However, CO2 euthanasia can cause fluid accumulation in lungs and trachea, appearing as frothy clear fluid, and may result in pulmonary hemorrhages visible as dark red splotches on lung surfaces, affecting histological interpretation.

Question 4

What is blunt dissection and why is it important during necropsy?

Accepted Answer

Blunt dissection is a technique where scissors are used to spread tissues rather than cut them, with closed tips pushed into tissue and then opened to split along natural planes. This method requires patience and a delicate touch because it separates structures without cutting, preventing damage to adjacent organs and blood vessels that could compromise sample integrity and obscure pathological findings.

Question 5

What organs should be examined in the abdominal cavity during necropsy?

Accepted Answer

Key abdominal organs include the spleen, stomach, small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine, cecum, pancreas, kidneys, and liver. Each organ requires careful observation for abnormalities in size, color, texture, or contents. The mesentery anchoring intestines should be examined for enlarged lymph nodes and masses. Changes in these organs may indicate inflammation, obstruction, infection, or other pathology affecting study results.

Question 6

How are reproductive organs harvested differently in male and female rodents?

Accepted Answer

In females, the Y-shaped uterus with extending horns and ovaries located below kidneys are removed by cutting arterial attachments and the fallopian tube. In males, the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and testes are harvested by grasping abdominal fat pads to expose testes, then cutting scrotal attachments and the vas deferens. Both require careful examination for changes in size, symmetry, color, or texture indicating disease.

Question 7

What special technique is required when removing and preserving lungs during necropsy?

Accepted Answer

After lung excision, a loose ligature is placed around the trachea. A needle attached to a syringe containing fixative is threaded into the trachea lumen, the ligature is tightened, and fixative is slowly injected until lungs are gently inflated without overdistension. This crucial step prevents alveolar collapse and allows accurate histological assessment of lung tissue structure and pathology.

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