实验室紧急指南

The three most common laboratory emergencies are chemical spills, fires and explosions, and personnel injuries. Chemical spills occur most frequently, while fires and explosions typically result from overheating, flammable chemical spillage, or gases exposed to heat, flames, or electric sparks. Personnel injuries include electric shock, burns, wounds, or chemical exposure caused by not following guidelines or equipment malfunction.

Never run, as this accelerates the fire. Instead, stop and drop to the ground with hands covering your face, then roll to extinguish the flames. If available, use a safety shower to extinguish the fire. Always remain calm and prioritize stopping the fire's spread before seeking additional help.

Ensure your personal safety first, then call emergency responders immediately. If possible, shut down electric power before evacuating. Use a wet towel to protect against heavy smoke, pull fire alarms, and evacuate using stairs rather than elevators. Small fires can be contained with the correct fire extinguisher type matched to the fire class.

Class A fires involve ordinary combustible solids like paper or clothes. Class B fires include flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline or butane. Class C fires are caused by electrical equipment, Class D fires involve combustible metals like sodium, and Class K fires are grease fires. Matching the correct extinguisher type to each fire class prevents flame spread and aggravation.

Assess the situation before taking action. If the person is conscious, ask what happened. If unconscious or unresponsive, look for visible signs of injury. If they appear to be in danger, call local emergency immediately. Do not move the injured person unless they need removal from a serious threat like ongoing fire or chemical exposure.

First, shut down the power if possible. Use non-conductive material such as wood, glass, or rubber to pull the person away from electrical contact. Avoid direct contact with the victim. Once safely separated from the electrical source, assess for injuries and call emergency responders if needed. Keep the person warm and calm while waiting for assistance.

For minor cuts or abrasions, flush the wound with water to prevent contamination and treat with first aid supplies. For serious cuts, call for medical assistance immediately. While waiting for help, keep the injured person warm and calm. If you have first aid knowledge and are willing to help, initiate appropriate first aid measures to stabilize the person.