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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Biological Techniques
基于锌指核酸酶的基因组编辑:一种通过双链同源依赖性修复机制修饰人类多能干细胞基因组的技术
基于锌指核酸酶的基因组编辑:一种通过双链同源依赖性修复机制修饰人类多能干细胞基因组的技术
Encyclopedia of Experiments
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Encyclopedia of Experiments Biological Techniques
Zinc Finger Nuclease-Based Genome Editing: A Technique for Modifying Genome in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Double-Stranded Homology Dependant Repair Mechanism

基于锌指核酸酶的基因组编辑:一种通过双链同源依赖性修复机制修饰人类多能干细胞基因组的技术

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06:34 min
July 8, 2025
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锌指核酸酶或ZFN包含锌离子稳定的DNA结合宏结构域,通过连接子连接到核酸内切酶结构域。这种结构有助于在切割 DNA 时保持特异性。

要使用 ZFN 进行基因组编辑,请培养人类多能干细胞。用编码ZFN的质粒补充它。添加包含靶基因和夹在同源臂或HA之间的抗生素耐药基因的修复质粒。电穿孔细胞-DNA混合物,电流促进质粒进入细胞内。

一旦进入内部,翻译的 ZFN 的锌指基序就会与宿主基因组中互补碱基对的三联体结合,从而将 Fok-1 限制性核酸内切酶正确定位在靶位点。ZFN 成对与相反的链结合,使 Fok-1 同源二聚化形成活性催化中心,其中 Fok-1 产生 DNA 双链断裂或 DSB,产生四核苷酸突出端。

修复质粒中 HA 的存在指导同源依赖性修复,其中悬垂端倒置并使用同源 HA 序列作为模板。DNA 合成通过添加与靶基因互补的核苷酸继续进行。

由此产生的间隙被连接,促进基因插入。此外,无启动子抗生素耐药基因从插入位点上游的宿主启动子表达。成功编辑的细胞在抗生素选择培养基中生长。

首先在含有丝裂霉素 C 灭活小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 (MEF) 的 6 孔板上的 hESC 培养基中培养人多能干细胞,该培养板在明胶上生长。接种后的每一天,直到hPSC达到50%汇合度,使用玻璃移液器和真空吸尘器去除全部体积的培养基。每孔更换3毫升温热的hESC培养基。

靶向前一天,取出hESC培养基,并加入补充有10微摩尔Y27632的新鲜预热hESC培养基。此外,从DR4小鼠中制备一到两个耐药MEF饲养细胞的6孔板。在靶向当天,通过将 5 微克锌指核酸酶表达质粒 1 和 2 移液到 1.5 毫升管中来制备转染溶液。

加入 30 微克修复供体质粒,然后加入足够的 1X 磷酸盐缓冲盐水,使体积达到 300 微升。在显微镜下检查细胞以确保 50% 的汇合度。接下来,使用玻璃移液器和真空吸尘器从 hPSC 板中取出培养基。然后,用 2 毫升温热的 1X PBS 洗涤细胞。吸出PBS后,将0.5毫升0.25%胰蛋白酶EDTA溶液直接添加到细胞上。

放入组织培养箱中约 10 分钟,或直到进料层开始从板上提起。孵育后,向每个孔中加入 2 毫升温热的 esWash 培养基以停止胰蛋白酶反应。从每个孔中收集细胞,确保饲养细胞呈片状。将每个孔的内容物移液到单个 50 毫升锥形管中,将所有孔混合在一起,并使用 10 毫升血清移液器研磨细胞。

加入esWash培养基,使细胞悬液达到40毫升。等待一到两分钟,让大的喂食块沉淀在管底部,然后,使用血清移液器去除上清液,并沉积到新鲜的50毫升锥形管中。将细胞悬液以190×g离心五分钟后,吸出上清液而不干扰细胞沉淀。将细胞重悬于 500 微升 1X PBS 中。

将重悬的细胞与之前制备的血浆转染溶液混合。将细胞和转染混合物移液到4毫米电穿孔比色皿中,然后放在冰上三到五分钟。将电穿孔系统上的指数程序参数设置为 250 伏、500 微法拉、无限电阻和 4 毫米比色皿尺寸。使细胞电穿孔,然后将比色皿放回冰上三分钟。

将

电穿孔细胞重悬于补充有10微摩尔Y27632的18毫升温热hESC培养基中。在显微镜下检查 DR4 MEF。将 3 毫升单细胞悬浮液接种到含有 DR4 饲养细胞的 6 孔板的每个孔中,然后返回培养箱。在铺板后的第三天,用不含 Y27632 的 hESC 培养基替换细胞上的培养基。在第 4 天,用含有适当选择抗生素的培养基替换未补充的培养基。这里使用嘌呤霉素。

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