焦虑测试

Rodents are valuable models because their natural dislikes and fear responses parallel those of humans. Testing anxiety in rodents helps researchers understand the neuroanatomical structures and pathways involved in anxiety disorders, enabling more effective treatment development for conditions like generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in humans.

The successive alleys test uses four connected, raised alleys that progressively narrow with decreasing wall heights. Rodents are introduced into the highest-walled alley and allowed to explore. If a rodent spends more time in higher-walled regions, it indicates anxiety-like behavior, as anxious animals prefer enclosed spaces.

The hyponeophagia test places food-deprived rodents in a novel environment with tasty food. Researchers measure the latency to eat, or time before the rodent begins eating. Greater latency indicates higher anxiety, as the novel environment induces fear that inhibits the rodent's normal feeding behavior despite food deprivation.

Anxiety tests capitalize on rodents' natural dislikes including fear of heights, aversion to bright or exposed spaces, and startle responses to loud noises. Tests like the elevated plus maze and open field test use these aversions to measure anxiety. Other paradigms examine how anxiety inhibits exploration or social interaction despite positive rewards.

Researchers adapted the acoustic startle test for humans by pairing pictures with loud noises followed by mild electric shocks for some subjects. This creates anticipation of a painful experience, inducing anxiety. Scientists then evaluate subjects' startle responses following noise exposure to determine their anxiety level and measure fear conditioning effects.

In social interaction tests, researchers place a freely moving mouse alongside a caged mouse and record interaction frequency. Anxious rodents avoid social contact with the caged animal and may display increased obsessive behaviors like grooming. Gene mutations affecting anxiety can be identified through changes in social interaction patterns.

Food deprivation ensures rodents are motivated to eat, allowing researchers to distinguish anxiety-driven eating inhibition from satiation. Without deprivation, a rodent might not eat simply because it is full rather than anxious. This protocol step guarantees that delayed eating reflects the anxiety response to the novel environment.