Name: leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs
Uploaded: 2019-01-31T09:26:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.2

Photosynthesis

<ul><li><a href="#" data-time="4">Pflanzliche Pigmentchromatographie und schwimmende Blattscheiben im Vakuum
</a></li></ul>

<ul class="lab-items"><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient" data-value="Chromatographie-Streifen (18 x 3-4 cm Streifen)">Chromatographie-Streifen (18 x 3-4 cm Streifen)</div>
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									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient" data-value="Chromatographie-Lösungsmittel (90% Petrolether & 10% Aceton, 10 mL)">Chromatographie-Lösungsmittel (90% Petrolether & 10% Aceton, 10 mL)</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Betrag" Datenwert="50">50</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="mL">mL</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Pfeifenreiniger">Pfeifenreiniger</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient" data-value="Einwegspritzen aus Kunststoff (20 mL)">Einwegspritzen aus Kunststoff (20 mL)</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="10">10</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Büroklammern">Büroklammern</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="10">10</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Petrischalen ">Petrischalen </div>
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									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient" data-value="Kunststoff-/Glasbecher (400 mL)">Kunststoff-/Glasbecher (400 mL)</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="15">15</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Locher ">Locher </div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Herrscher">Herrscher</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Permanentmarker">Permanentmarker</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Bleistift">Bleistift</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient" data-value="Dawn flüssiges Spülmittel (1 Flasche)">Dawn flüssiges Spülmittel (1 Flasche)</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="1">1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="pro Station">pro Station</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Spinatblätter ">Spinatblätter </div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="Abhängig von der Lab-Größe ">Abhängig von der Lab-Größe </span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="Zutat" data-value="Natriumbicarbonat/Backpulver">Natriumbicarbonat/Backpulver</div>
								<div class="Zutatenmenge">
									<span class="Menge" Datenwert="-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="Abhängig von der Lab-Größe ">Abhängig von der Lab-Größe </span>
								</div>
							</li></ul>

photosynthese

<ol class="note-items"><li data-note-item="1" data-parent-collapse="">Pflanzenpigmentchromatographie und schwebende Blattscheiben im Vakuum
<button class="expand">Expand</button><ul class="lab-items"><li data-sub-note-item="1-1"><div class="lab-step">Füllen Sie am Tag vor dem Experiment einen Behälter mit Wasser.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-2"><div class="lab-step">Legen Sie die Spinatblätter ins Wasser und stellen Sie sicher, dass sie untergetaucht sind.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-3"><div class="lab-step">Lassen Sie die Spinatblätter über Nacht bei Raumtemperatur einweichen.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-4"><div class="lab-step">Mit Handschuhen 18 cm x 304 cm große Abschnitte Chromatographiepapier vorbereiten und ausmessen.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-5"><div class="lab-step">Bereiten Sie eine Bicarbonatlösung für das zweite Experiment vor, indem Sie 0,25 g NaHCO3 mit 300 ml Wasser kombinieren. Geben Sie einen Spritzer Spülmittel in die Lösung und mischen Sie es vorsichtig.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-6"><div class="lab-step">Wenn die Lösung noch schaumig ist, fügen Sie mehr Bikarbonat hinzu.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-7"><div class="lab-step">Kombinieren Sie für die Kontrolllösung 300 ml Wasser mit einem Spritzer Spülmittel. Vorsichtig mischen und versuchen, Lauge zu vermeiden.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-8"><div class="lab-step">Kurz bevor das Experiment beginnen soll, wählen Sie einige Spinatblätter mit ähnlicher Glätte und Dicke ohne zu viele große Adern aus.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-9"><div class="lab-step">Verwenden Sie einen Locher, um aus den Blättern 20 einheitliche Scheiben für jeden Schüler oder jede Gruppe zu erstellen.
</div></li></ul></li></ol>

<div class="section-question"><h4 class="question-sect">Was ist Photosynthese?</h4><p>Unter Photosynthese versteht man die Umwandlung von Sonnenlicht in nutzbare und speicherbare Energie. Autotrophe (wie Pflanzen) nutzen Kohlendioxid, Wasser und Energie aus dem Sonnenlicht, um durch Photosynthese Glukose und Sauerstoff zu erzeugen und stellen somit eine wichtige Energiequelle im Nahrungsnetz dar.
</p></div><div class="section-question"><h4 class="question-sect">Wie nutzen Pflanzen die Energie der Sonne?</h4><p>Pflanzen produzieren Pigmente wie ...

Photosynthese

Pflanzliche Pigmentchromatographie und schwimmende Blattscheiben im Vakuum
ErweiternFüllen Sie am Tag vor dem Experiment einen Behälter mit Wasser.
Den Spinat darauf legen ...

Education

Lehre

JoVE Lab Manual

Biologie

Cellular Processes

Zelluläre Prozesse

Lab Manual Sub Articles

Unterartikel des Laborhandbuchs

leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs

<p class="jove_content">Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one squirt of dish soap and mix gently. If the solution stays sudsy, add more bicarbonate.</p>

<p class="jove_content">A control solution is prepared separately with 300 mL water and one squirt of dish soap. Mix this gently and avoid creating suds. Just before the lab begins, choose spinach leaves that are similar in smoothness and thickness and do not have too many large veins. Use a hole punch to make 20 uniform discs for each student or group.</p>

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

leaf-pigment-prep-for-chromatography-labs

photosynthesis

Spinach Pigments and Leaf Disc Photosynthesis

Spinach leaves contain pigments that can be separated by chromatography. In this lab, chromatography paper is used to move the pigments at different rates so their colors and positions can be compared. By measuring how far each pigment travels and calculating its retention factor, or Rf value, students can identify the pigments by matching them with literature values.<br /><br />The chromatography setup starts with a pencil line drawn 2 centimeters from one end of the paper. A spinach leaf is pressed...

Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.<br /><br />The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one...

lab manual sub articles

Prepare spinach leaves, chromatography paper, bicarbonate solution, and leaf discs for a high school photosynthesis lab on pigments and floating discs.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs | JoVE K12

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

matter-and-energy-in-organisms-and-ecosystems

Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

3.1.9-12.E

3.1.9-12.J

3.1.9-12.K

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Environmental Science

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy And Dynamics

HS-LS2-4

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Cells

Cellular processes

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.2

BIO.2.e

Minnesota Academic Standards in Science

3.1.1 9L.3.1.1.2

3.2.1 9L.3.2.1.3

Next Generation Science Standards

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-5

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-5.

<p>Haben Sie sich jemals gefragt, warum sich jedes Jahr im Herbst das Laub an den Bäumen von Grün zu Gelb-, Orange- und Rottönen ändert? Was gibt den Blättern überhaupt ihre leuchtenden Farben? Die Antwort liegt in den pflanzlichen Organellen, den Chloroplasten, die Pigmente enthalten, die bestimmte Wellenlängen des Sonnenlichts absorbieren und andere reflektieren. Ein bestimmtes Pigment, Chlorophyll, ist im Sommer am häufigsten vorhanden. Es absorbiert hochenergetische, violette, blaue und rote Wellenlängen des Sonnenlichts und reflektiert grüne Wellenlängen, was den Blättern ihr grünes Aussehen verleiht. Es gibt noch andere Pigmente in den Blättern, wie z. B. Carotinoide, die rotes und gelbes Licht reflektieren. Im Herbst hören die Blätter auf, ihre Pigmente wieder aufzufüllen. Da Chlorophyll schneller abgebaut wird als die anderen Pigmente, werden die Farben dieser Carotinoide unmaskiert.</p><p>Das Vorhandensein verschiedener Pigmente in einem grünen Blatt kann mit Chromatographiepapier nachgewiesen werden, einem hydrophilen Polymer, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Löslichkeit in einem bestimmten Lösungsmittel trennt. Zuerst wird Blattextrakt auf das Papier geladen. Wenn das Papier in ein organisches hydrophobes Lösungsmittel getaucht wird, wandert das Lösungsmittel aufgrund der Kapillarwirkung entlang des Papiers und trennt dabei verschiedene Pigmente im Blattextrakt. Die Pigmente, die am hydrophoben sind, werden weiter nach oben auf dem Papier transportiert. Hydrophile Pigmente hingegen binden sich an Zellulose, was ihre Bewegung behindert. Nachdem alle Pigmente nach ihrer Hydrophobie sortiert wurden, können wir den Retentionsfaktor oder die Rf-Werte berechnen. Der Rf-Wert ist das Verhältnis der von einem Pigment zurückgelegten Strecke zur vom Lösungsmittel zurückgelegten Strecke. Jedes Pigment hat einen einzigartigen Rf-Wert und wir können Pigmente leicht identifizieren, indem wir die berechneten Werte mit Standards vergleichen. Die Photosynthese, der Prozess, bei dem Pflanzen Kohlendioxid, Wasser und Lichtenergie in chemische Energie und Sauerstoff umwandeln, findet hauptsächlich in den Blättern einer Pflanze statt, und Chlorophyll spielt in diesem Prozess eine entscheidende Rolle. Chloroplasten enthalten Dutzende von Chlorophyllmolekülen, von denen jedes eine bestimmte Aufgabe erfüllt und auf komplexe Weise interagiert. Letztendlich bewirkt die Lichtenergie, dass Chlorophyllmoleküle Elektronen abgeben, die in anderen Stoffwechselprozessen verwendet werden. Daher benötigt Chlorophyll eine kontinuierliche Zufuhr von Elektronen, um die Elektronen zu ersetzen, die es verliert. Diese Ersatzelektronen entstehen durch die Aufspaltung von Wassermolekülen in Protonen, Elektronen und Sauerstoffmoleküle. Bei hohen Photosyntheseraten wird Wasser schneller gespalten, um Elektronen wieder aufzufüllen, und Sauerstoff wird schnell erzeugt.</p><p>Dieses Phänomen hilft uns, die Rate der Photosynthese im Labor zu beurteilen, indem wir einfach Blattscheiben in einer Bikarbonatlösung suspendieren, in der Bikarbonat als reichhaltige Kohlenstoffquelle fungiert. Zu Beginn des Blattscheiben-Experiments werden die Gase durch Anlegen von Unterdruck mit einem Vakuum in einer Spritze aus den Blattscheiben herausgedrückt. Die Blattscheiben mit ihren ausgestoßenen Gasen werden schwerer und sinken auf den Boden der Bikarbonatlösung, wenn sie in ein Becherglas überführt werden. Bei der Photosynthese wird das Wasser in der Umgebung gespalten, um die Chlorophyllelektronen wieder aufzufüllen. Der entstehende Sauerstoff macht die Bandscheiben leichter, so dass sie mit der Zeit an die Oberfläche schwimmen. Umgebungen, die höhere Photosyntheseraten ermöglichen, haben Scheiben, die schneller schwimmen</p>.<p>In diesem Labor trennen und identifizieren Sie zunächst Pigmente in Spinatblättern mit Hilfe von Chromatographiepapier. Dann bestimmen Sie die Rate der Photosynthese in Wasser und in Bikarbonatlösung mit einem Blattscheibenexperiment.</p>

photosynthesis: light, sugars, and carbon

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis turns sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process powers most life on Earth by helping autotrophs, or primary producers, make food. The glucose they make can provide quick energy or be stored as starch for later use. Consumers depend on these producers for energy.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis happens in many kinds of organisms. Cyanobacteria, some protists such as algae, and plants can all carry out this process. In eukaryotic cells, it takes place in the chloroplast. Chloroplasts look green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light at specific wavelengths.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Plants use several pigments to capture light. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light. Other pigments, including carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains, absorb or reflect different wavelengths and often appear yellow to red. In autumn, when chlorophyll levels drop in temperate regions, these pigments become visible and leaves change color.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis has two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. These stages happen in different parts of the chloroplast. The chloroplast has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an inner thylakoid membrane that forms disc-like folds. The space between the inner membrane and thylakoids is the stroma.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-dependent reactions begin in the thylakoid membrane when sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll. Those electrons move through an electron transport chain, dropping to lower energy levels and releasing energy. The cell uses that energy to make ATP and NADPH. Water splitting, also called hydrolysis, replaces the lost electrons in chlorophyll. This process releases oxygen into the atmosphere and helps keep the flow of electrons going.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-independent reactions take place in the stroma. They use ATP and NADPH from the first stage to build a three-carbon sugar from carbon dioxide. That sugar can then be turned into glucose or other biomolecules. This is also called carbon fixation or carbon sequestration because carbon is pulled from the atmosphere and stored in living molecules.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide moves between reservoirs at a steady pace, but changes in that flow can upset the balance. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, more of it in the atmosphere can raise temperatures. Much of the extra carbon dioxide comes from burning fossil fuels, which returns ancient carbon to the air very quickly.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Forests and ocean algae help lower carbon dioxide levels, so deforestation is a serious concern in a changing climate. Scientists are also studying artificial photosynthesis as a way to make carbon-neutral biofuels. Like solar panels, these methods take energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy instead of electricity. Researchers have also used photosynthetic bacteria to make simple sugars, lactic acid, biodegradable plastics, and even medically useful compounds, including substances studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Photosynthesis: Light, Sugars, and Carbon

Autotrophe

Fast alle lebenden Organismen auf der Erde sind auf die Photosynthese angewiesen, d.h. den Prozess, der die Energie des Sonnenlichts in einen einfachen Zucker umwandelt, der ...

Testen Sie Ihr Verständnis von Photosynthese mit diesem Biology Bewertungsquiz auf JoVE Lab Manual. Deckt Schlüsselkonzepte durch videobasierte Fragen ab, die entwickelt wurden, um das Lernen der Studierenden zu bewerten.

Photosynthese in Biology - Bewertungsquiz | JoVE Lab Manual

Folgen Sie den Schritt-für-Schritt-Verfahren von Photosynthese in diesem 8-minütigen Studentenprotokoll-Video. Teil der Biology-Sammlung auf JoVE Lab Manual.

Photosynthese Studentenprotokoll in Biology - 32K+ Aufrufe | JoVE Lab Manual

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Macromolecules

Biomolecules
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Introduction to Carbohydrates

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Construct an explanation to illustrate relationships between structure and function of major macromolecules essential for life.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Ribosomes

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Golgi Apparatus

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Lysosomes

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Peroxisomes

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Introduction to Actin

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Cell Structure

Background
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Microtubules

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LS.Bio.1.4

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RNA is the Missing Link Between ...

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised&#160; of nucleotides and proteins are ...

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form ...

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse ...

Construct an explanation to summarize how DNA and RNA direct the synthesis of proteins.

LS.Bio.1.5

Analyze how the relationship between structure and function supports life processes within organisms.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

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Was ist Photosynthese?

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