Structural Brain Abnormalities
Structural Brain Abnormalities - Related Videos
04:37
Detecting Abnormal Prion Proteins in Brain Tissue Using Immunohistochemistry
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique to detect misfolded prion protein in brain sections using immunohistochemistry. Upon treating the brain section with formic acid to denature prions and minimize infection risk, as well as unmasking the prion aggregates using heat-induced epitope retrieval, the sections are immunolabeled for the misfolded prion protein aggregates and observed under a microscope.
02:23
Abnormal Proliferation
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2021
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
17:06
Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Cited by 17 •
2012
We describe a novel approach for simultaneous analysis of brain function and structure using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assess brain structure with high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and white-matter fiber tractography. Unlike standard structural MRI, these techniques allow us to directly relate anatomical connectivity to functional properties of brain networks.
05:33
Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures
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Cited by 2 •
2019
We introduce a semi-automatic protocol for shape analysis on brain structures, including image segmentation using open software, and further group-wise shape analysis using an automated modeling package. Here, we demonstrate each step of the 3D shape analysis protocol with hippocampal segmentation from brain MR images.
10:51
Cardiac Exam III: Abnormal Heart Sounds
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2023
Source: Suneel Dhand, MD, Attending Physician, Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Having a fundamental understanding of normal heart sounds is the first step toward distinguishing the normal from the abnormal. Murmurs are sounds that represent turbulent and abnormal blood flow across a heart valve. They are caused either by stenosis (valve area too narrow) or regurgitation (backflow of blood across the valve) and are commonly heard as a "swishing" sound during auscultation.
FAQs
Their psychological significance depends on which brain regions, tissue features, or anatomical connections are affected. Differences in regional volume, lesions, or organization may correspond with changes in cognition, emotion, or behavior, although the relationship is examined as a link between biological structure and observed functioning. This makes structural findings useful for investigating how brain variation contributes to psychological and neurological disorders.
Atypical findings may arise from genetic or developmental conditions, injury, infection, tumors, or neurodegenerative disease. These different origins provide distinct biological contexts for understanding the same general type of structural change. Considering the possible cause helps researchers and clinicians relate imaging patterns to development, disease processes, behavior, and decisions about diagnosis, treatment planning, or monitoring.
Researchers may examine altered regional volume, lesions, and disrupted anatomical connectivity. These findings provide measurable structural features that can be compared with cognition, emotion, and behavior. Rather than treating an image as a complete explanation of psychological functioning, investigators use such patterns to study associations between biological variation and mental or neurological disorders.
Brain structure is not limited to the size or appearance of individual regions. Disrupted anatomical connectivity indicates that the organization linking regions may also differ, offering another way to examine relationships between brain architecture and behavior. In psychology, this perspective supports research into how coordinated structural organization relates to cognition, emotion, and the characteristics of mental or neurological disorders.
Assessment commonly uses magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography to reveal anatomical patterns that may not be identified through behavioral observation alone. The resulting images can show differences such as regional volume changes, lesions, or altered anatomical connectivity. These findings are then relevant to clinical assessment and psychological research because they provide structural information for relating brain changes to functioning.
Clinical assessment can use structural findings to support diagnosis, guide treatment planning, and monitor changes over time. Imaging does not simply provide a label; it contributes anatomical evidence that can be considered alongside the broader clinical picture. This is particularly relevant when abnormalities are associated with injury, infection, tumors, neurodegenerative disease, or genetic and developmental conditions.
Psychological researchers use structural patterns to investigate how biological variation contributes to cognition, emotion, behavior, and mental or neurological disorders. Comparing anatomical features with these psychological outcomes can clarify associations between brain organization and functioning. The approach also helps connect developmental and disease-related changes with behavioral observations, expanding research beyond psychological measures alone.