Name: leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs
Uploaded: 2019-01-31T09:26:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.2

Photosynthesis

<ul><li><a href="#" data-time="4">Cromatografía de pigmentos vegetales y discos de hojas flotantes en el vacío
</a></li></ul>

<ul class="lab-items"><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Tiras de cromatografía (tira de 18 X 3-4 cm)">Tiras de cromatografía (tira de 18 x 3-4 cm)</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Solvente de cromatografía (90% éter de petróleo y 10% acetona, 10 mL)">Solvente de cromatografía (90% éter de petróleo y 10% acetona, 10 mL)</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="50">50</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="mL">mL</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Limpiapipas">Limpiapipas</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Jeringas Desechables de Plástico (20 mL)">Jeringas Desechables de Plástico (20 mL)</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="10">10</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Clips">Clips</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="10">10</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Petriplacas ">Petriplacas </div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Vasos de plástico/vidrio (400 mL)">Vasos de plástico/vidrio (400 mL)</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="15">15</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Perforadora ">Perforadora </div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Regla">Regla</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Marcador permanente">Marcador permanente</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Lápiz">Lápiz</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="amount" data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Jabón líquido para platos Dawn (1 Botella)">Jabón líquido para platos Dawn (1 Botella)</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="1">1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="por estación">por estación</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Hojas de espinaca" >Hojas de espinaca </div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="Depende del tamaño del laboratorio ">Depende del tamaño del laboratorio </span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrediente" data-value="Bicarbonato de sodio/bicarbonato de sodio">Bicarbonato de sodio/bicarbonato de sodio</div>
								<div class="cantidad-de-ingrediente">
									<span class="cantidad" valor-datos="-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unit" data-value="Depende del tamaño del laboratorio ">Depende del tamaño del laboratorio </span>
								</div>
							</li></ul>

fotosíntesis

<ol class="note-items"><li data-note-item="1" data-parent-collapse="">Cromatografía de pigmentos vegetales y discos de hojas flotantes en el vacío
<button class="expand">Expand</button><ul class="lab-items"><li data-sub-note-item="1-1"><div class="lab-step">El día antes del experimento, llena un recipiente con agua.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-2"><div class="lab-step">Coloca las hojas de espinaca en el agua y asegúrate de que estén sumergidas.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-3"><div class="lab-step">Deja las hojas de espinaca en remojo toda la noche a temperatura ambiente.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-4"><div class="lab-step">Con guantes, prepare y mida secciones de papel de cromatografía de 18 cm x 304 cm.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-5"><div class="lab-step">Prepare una solución de bicarbonato para el segundo experimento combinando 0,25 g de NaHCO3 con 300 mL de agua. Agregue un chorrito de jabón para platos a la solución y mezcle suavemente.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-6"><div class="lab-step">Si la solución sigue siendo espumosa, añade más bicarbonato.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-7"><div class="lab-step">Para la solución de control, combine 300 mL de agua con un chorrito de jabón para platos. Mezcle suavemente y trate de evitar la espuma.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-8"><div class="lab-step">Justo antes de que comience el experimento, selecciona unas cuantas hojas de espinaca de suavidad y grosor similares sin demasiadas venas grandes.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-9"><div class="lab-step">Utilice una perforadora para crear 20 discos uniformes a partir de las hojas para cada estudiante o grupo.
</div></li></ul></li></ol>

<div class="sección-pregunta"><h4 clase="pregunta-sección">¿Qué es la fotosíntesis?</h4><p>La fotosíntesis es la conversión de la luz solar en energía utilizable y almacenable. Los autótrofos (como las plantas) utilizan el dióxido de carbono, el agua y la energía obtenida de la luz solar para generar glucosa y oxígeno a través de la fotosíntesis, proporcionando así una importante fuente de energía en la red alimentaria.
</p></div><div class="sección-pregunta"><h4 class="pregunta-sección">¿Cómo aprovechan las plantas la energía del sol?</h4><p>L...

Fotosíntesis

Cromatografía de pigmentos vegetales y discos de hojas flotantes en el vacío
ExpandirEl día antes del experimento, llene un recipiente con agua.
Coloca las espinacas...

Education

Educación

JoVE Lab Manual

Biología

Cellular Processes

Procesos celulares

Lab Manual Sub Articles

Subartículos del manual de laboratorio

leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs

<p class="jove_content">Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one squirt of dish soap and mix gently. If the solution stays sudsy, add more bicarbonate.</p>

<p class="jove_content">A control solution is prepared separately with 300 mL water and one squirt of dish soap. Mix this gently and avoid creating suds. Just before the lab begins, choose spinach leaves that are similar in smoothness and thickness and do not have too many large veins. Use a hole punch to make 20 uniform discs for each student or group.</p>

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

leaf-pigment-prep-for-chromatography-labs

photosynthesis

Spinach Pigments and Leaf Disc Photosynthesis

Spinach leaves contain pigments that can be separated by chromatography. In this lab, chromatography paper is used to move the pigments at different rates so their colors and positions can be compared. By measuring how far each pigment travels and calculating its retention factor, or Rf value, students can identify the pigments by matching them with literature values.<br /><br />The chromatography setup starts with a pencil line drawn 2 centimeters from one end of the paper. A spinach leaf is pressed...

Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.<br /><br />The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one...

lab manual sub articles

Prepare spinach leaves, chromatography paper, bicarbonate solution, and leaf discs for a high school photosynthesis lab on pigments and floating discs.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs | JoVE K12

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

matter-and-energy-in-organisms-and-ecosystems

Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

3.1.9-12.E

3.1.9-12.J

3.1.9-12.K

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Environmental Science

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy And Dynamics

HS-LS2-4

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Cells

Cellular processes

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.2

BIO.2.e

Minnesota Academic Standards in Science

3.1.1 9L.3.1.1.2

3.2.1 9L.3.2.1.3

Next Generation Science Standards

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-5

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-5.

<p>¿Alguna vez te has preguntado por qué cada otoño las hojas de los árboles cambian de verde a tonos amarillos, naranjas y rojos? ¿Qué es lo que le da a las hojas sus colores brillantes en primer lugar? La respuesta está en los orgánulos de las plantas, llamados cloroplastos, que contienen pigmentos que absorben ciertas longitudes de onda de la luz solar y reflejan otras. Un pigmento en particular, la clorofila, es el más abundante en verano. Absorbe longitudes de onda de alta energía, púrpura, azul y rojo de la luz solar, y refleja las longitudes de onda verdes que dan a las hojas su apariencia verde. Hay otros pigmentos en las hojas, como los carotenoides, que reflejan la luz roja y amarilla. En otoño las hojas dejan de reponer sus pigmentos. Dado que la clorofila se degrada más rápido que los otros pigmentos, los colores de estos carotenoides se desenmascaran.</p><p>La presencia de diferentes pigmentos en una hoja verde se puede demostrar con papel de cromatografía, un polímero hidrofílico que separa las moléculas en función de su solubilidad en un solvente en particular. Primero, el extracto de hoja se carga en el papel. Cuando el papel se sumerge en un solvente hidrofóbico orgánico, el solvente viaja a lo largo del papel debido a la acción capilar y en el camino separa diferentes pigmentos en el extracto de hoja. Los pigmentos que son más hidrófobos se transportan más arriba en el papel. Mientras que los pigmentos hidrófilos se unen a la celulosa, lo que dificulta su movimiento. Una vez que todos los pigmentos se clasifican por su hidrofobicidad, podemos calcular el factor de retención o los valores de Rf. El valor Rf es la relación entre la distancia recorrida por un pigmento y la distancia recorrida por el disolvente. Cada pigmento tiene un valor Rf único y podemos identificar fácilmente los pigmentos comparando los valores calculados con los estándares. La fotosíntesis, el proceso por el cual las plantas convierten el dióxido de carbono, el agua y la energía luminosa en energía química y oxígeno, se lleva a cabo principalmente en las hojas de una planta, y la clorofila juega un papel fundamental en este proceso. Los cloroplastos contienen docenas de moléculas de clorofila, cada una de las cuales realiza una tarea específica e interactúa de formas complejas. En última instancia, la energía de la luz hace que las moléculas de clorofila cedan electrones que se utilizan en otros procesos metabólicos. Por lo tanto, la clorofila necesita un suministro continuo de electrones para reemplazar los que pierde. Estos electrones de reemplazo provienen de la división de las moléculas de agua en protones, electrones y moléculas de oxígeno. A altas tasas de fotosíntesis, el agua se divide más rápido para reponer electrones y el oxígeno se genera rápidamente.</p><p>Este fenómeno nos ayuda a evaluar la tasa de fotosíntesis en el laboratorio simplemente suspendiendo discos de hojas en una solución de bicarbonato donde el bicarbonato actúa como una rica fuente de carbono. Al comienzo del experimento del disco de hojas, los gases son expulsados de los discos de las hojas aplicando presión negativa con un vacío en una jeringa. Los discos de las hojas, con sus gases expulsados, se vuelven más pesados y se hunden hasta el fondo de la solución de bicarbonato cuando se transfieren a un vaso de precipitados. Cuando se lleva a cabo la fotosíntesis, el agua en el medio ambiente se divide para reponer los electrones de clorofila. El oxígeno resultante hace que los discos sean más ligeros, lo que hace que floten hacia la superficie con el tiempo. Los entornos que permiten tasas más altas de fotosíntesis tienen discos que flotan más rápido.</p><p>En este laboratorio, primero separará e identificará los pigmentos en las hojas de espinaca utilizando papel de cromatografía. A continuación, evaluará la tasa de fotosíntesis en agua y en solución de bicarbonato con un experimento de disco de hojas.</p>

photosynthesis: light, sugars, and carbon

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis turns sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process powers most life on Earth by helping autotrophs, or primary producers, make food. The glucose they make can provide quick energy or be stored as starch for later use. Consumers depend on these producers for energy.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis happens in many kinds of organisms. Cyanobacteria, some protists such as algae, and plants can all carry out this process. In eukaryotic cells, it takes place in the chloroplast. Chloroplasts look green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light at specific wavelengths.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Plants use several pigments to capture light. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light. Other pigments, including carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains, absorb or reflect different wavelengths and often appear yellow to red. In autumn, when chlorophyll levels drop in temperate regions, these pigments become visible and leaves change color.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis has two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. These stages happen in different parts of the chloroplast. The chloroplast has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an inner thylakoid membrane that forms disc-like folds. The space between the inner membrane and thylakoids is the stroma.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-dependent reactions begin in the thylakoid membrane when sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll. Those electrons move through an electron transport chain, dropping to lower energy levels and releasing energy. The cell uses that energy to make ATP and NADPH. Water splitting, also called hydrolysis, replaces the lost electrons in chlorophyll. This process releases oxygen into the atmosphere and helps keep the flow of electrons going.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-independent reactions take place in the stroma. They use ATP and NADPH from the first stage to build a three-carbon sugar from carbon dioxide. That sugar can then be turned into glucose or other biomolecules. This is also called carbon fixation or carbon sequestration because carbon is pulled from the atmosphere and stored in living molecules.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide moves between reservoirs at a steady pace, but changes in that flow can upset the balance. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, more of it in the atmosphere can raise temperatures. Much of the extra carbon dioxide comes from burning fossil fuels, which returns ancient carbon to the air very quickly.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Forests and ocean algae help lower carbon dioxide levels, so deforestation is a serious concern in a changing climate. Scientists are also studying artificial photosynthesis as a way to make carbon-neutral biofuels. Like solar panels, these methods take energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy instead of electricity. Researchers have also used photosynthetic bacteria to make simple sugars, lactic acid, biodegradable plastics, and even medically useful compounds, including substances studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Photosynthesis: Light, Sugars, and Carbon

Autótrofos

Casi todos los organismos vivos de la Tierra dependen de la fotosíntesis, que es el proceso que convierte la energía de la luz solar en un azúcar simple llamado ...

Pruebe su comprensión de Fotosíntesis con este cuestionario de evaluación de Biology en JoVE Lab Manual. Cubre conceptos clave a través de preguntas basadas en video diseñadas para evaluar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.

Fotosíntesis en Biology - Cuestionario de evaluación | JoVE Lab Manual

Siga los procedimientos paso a paso de Fotosíntesis en este video de protocolo estudiantil de 8 minutos. Parte de la colección Biology en JoVE Lab Manual.

Protocolo estudiantil de Fotosíntesis en Biology - Más de 32K visualizaciones | JoVE Lab Manual

Compounds Essential to Human Function

The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all ...

Macromolecules

Biomolecules
Organisms contain a wide variety of organic molecules with numerous functions which depend on the chemical structures and properties of these ...

Solution Preparation
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pH Regulation in Cells

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Chemistry of the Cell

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Introduction to Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrate Metabolism

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lipid-derived-compounds-in-the-human-body

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

What are Proteins?

Protein Organization

Globular Proteins

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Fibrous Proteins

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Protein Denaturation

The function of proteins depends on their native three-dimensional structure, which is dictated by the amino acid sequence of the specific protein. ...

Role of Proteins in the Human Body

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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic Acid Structure

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ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

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Construct an explanation to illustrate relationships between structure and function of major macromolecules essential for life.

LS.Bio.1.1

Introduction to Enzymes

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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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introduction-to-mechanisms-of-enzyme-catalysis

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Ligand Binding and Linkage

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Ribozymes

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LS.Bio.1.2

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Cell Size

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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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Prokaryotic Cells

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Cytoplasm

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The Nucleus

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that ...

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are ...

Lysosomes

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Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration&#x2014;the ...

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Overview of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ...

Introduction to Actin

Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle ...

Cell Structure

Background
Cells represent the most basic biological units of all organisms, whether it be simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria, or large, ...

overview-of-myosin-structure-and-function

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with ...

Visualizing Onion and Cheek Cells
ExpandImmediately before the experiment, wash and peel onion bulbs for the class.
Remove the entire brown outer skin and ...

Microtubules

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The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

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Types of Intermediate Filaments

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Gap Junctions

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The Extracellular Matrix

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Tissues

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Plant Cell Wall

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Plasmodesmata

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Use models to explain how the structure of organelles determines its function and supports overall cell processes.

LS.Bio.1.3

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, ...

the-tree-of-life-bacteria-archaea-and-eukaryotes

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

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LS.Bio.1.4

The DNA Helix

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The Central Dogma

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What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised&#160; of nucleotides and proteins are ...

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form ...

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse ...

Construct an explanation to summarize how DNA and RNA direct the synthesis of proteins.

LS.Bio.1.5

Analyze how the relationship between structure and function supports life processes within organisms.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

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¿Qué es la fotosíntesis?

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