Name: nitrogen in soil and living things
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:40.000Z
Duration: 1 min 49 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

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Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.4.1

The Nitrogen Cycle

- [Narrador] El ciclo de
nitrógeno involucra el movimiento

de los átomos de nitrógeno
entre componentes

bióticos y abióticos en el ecosistema.

La mayoría del nitrógeno del ecosistema

es almacenado en la
atmósfera como un gas, el N2.

Pero solo las bacterias
poseen las encimas necesarias

para convertir gas en una forma útil

por otros organismos, un
término llamado fijación

de nitrógeno.

Por esto, es un nutriente muy limitado

en el ecosistema.

Una vez las bacterias en
el suelo convierten el gas

en amoniaco,

las plantas pueden convertir
el amoniaco en proteínas,

ADN y otras moléculas orgánicas,

que son consumidas por herbívoros

y separadas en aminoácidos.

Estos pueden ser reensamblados
en proteínas útiles

para el crecimiento y
desarrollo y la nutrición de

los consumidores.

Simultáneamente, los herbívoros
y los consumidores devuelven

de nitrógeno al suelo
como productos de desecho.

Los organismos muertos
y productos de desecho

contienen nitrógeno en forma de proteína,

urea y ácido úrico.

Los descomponedores como
las bacterias y los hongos

pueden romper estas moléculas

liberando amoniaco de nuevo al suelo,

que puede ser absorbido por plantas

o convertirse en nitratos por
las bacterias nitrificantes.

Estos nitratos pueden ser
absorbidos por las plantas

o en la ausencia de oxígeno

ser convertidos en gas de
nitrógeno por bacterias

nitrificantes.

Los humanos también aportan
nitrógeno al ecosistema

a través del uso de los
fertilizantes en la agricultura.

Sin embargo, cuando es usado
en el momento incorrecto

o en grandes cantidades, el
exceso de nitrógeno puede llegar

a ecosistemas acuáticos e
incrementar el crecimiento

de bacterias,

algas y plantas acuáticas, un
proceso llamado eutrofización.

Ramakrishnan VV, Ghaly AE. "Fuentes de nitrógeno y ciclos en el ecosistema y su papel en la contaminación del aire, el agua y el suelo: una revisión crítica". Revista de Efectos y Control de la Contaminación 03, no. 02 (2015). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4397.1000136" target="__blank">Fuente</a>]

el ciclo del nitrógeno

Los átomos de nitrógeno, presentes en todas las proteínas y el ADN, se reciclan entre los componentes abióticos y bióticos del ecosistema. Sin embargo, la forma principal de nitrógeno en la Tierra es el gas nitrógeno, que la mayoría de los animales y plantas no pueden utilizar. Por lo tanto, el gas nitrógeno primero debe ser convertido en una forma utilizable por bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno antes de que pueda circular a través de otros organismos vivos. El uso de fertilizantes que contienen nitrógeno y productos de desecho animal en la agricultura humana ha influido en gran medida en el ciclo natural del nitrógeno. <h4>Ciclo biológico del nitrógeno</h4> Aproximadamente el 78% del aire que respiramos es gas nitrógeno. Sin embargo, en esta forma, N2, pocos organismos pueden utilizarlo. El nitrógeno constituye moléculas esenciales en todos los organismos, como las proteínas y el ADN. Al no poder utilizar la forma atmosférica del nitrógeno, la mayoría de los organismos utilizan los subproductos de los procariotas fijadores y nitrificantes de nitrógeno. La fijación de nitrógeno convierte el gas nitrógeno (N2) en amoníaco (NH3), aunque la nitrificación convierte el NH3 en nitritos (NO2-) y nitratos (NO3-). Las plantas pueden utilizar directamente el amoníaco y los nitratos, y los organismos herbívoros obtienen nitrógeno al ingerir plantas. Cuando estos organismos mueren, las bacterias del suelo pueden convertir el nitrógeno orgánico en amoníaco en un proceso llamado amonificación. Mediante la desnitrificación, las bacterias aeróbicas pueden convertir el amoníaco en gas nitrógeno que se libera a la atmósfera, completando el ciclo. <h4>Sumideros de nitrógeno</h4> El principal reservorio para el almacenamiento de nitrógeno a largo plazo es el gas nitrógeno en la atmósfera. Sin embargo, existen otros sumideros de nitrógeno más pequeños en el ecosistema. El nitrógeno puede quedar atrapado durante períodos de tiempo relativamente largos en pantanos, sedimentos marinos y rocas sedimentarias. Sin embargo, dado que los compuestos de nitrógeno son muy solubles en agua, la erosión de las rocas sedimentarias puede liberar nitrógeno nuevamente al ecosistema. <h4>Impactos humanos en el ciclo del nitrógeno</h4> Dado que el nitrógeno suele ser un factor limitante para el crecimiento de las plantas en entornos naturales, los agricultores añaden nitrógeno al suelo como fertilizante para aumentar el rendimiento agrícola. La escorrentía agrícola en los ecosistemas acuáticos puede provocar eutrofización y un crecimiento anormalmente rápido de especies de algas tóxicas. La cría de un gran número de ganado también puede aumentar la cantidad de desechos nítricos en el suelo y en las fuentes de agua locales.

El ciclo del nitrógeno

Los átomos de nitrógeno, presentes en todas las proteínas y en el ADN, se reciclan entre los componentes abióticos y bióticos del ecosistema. Sin embargo, la forma primaria de ...

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nitrogen in soil and living things

Nitrogen in soil and living things moves through ecosystems in several forms. Nitrogen atoms are found in proteins and DNA. Most animals and plants cannot use nitrogen gas, which is the main form of nitrogen on Earth. Nitrogen must first be changed into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can move through food webs.

About 78% of the air we breathe is nitrogen gas, but few organisms can use it in that form. Nitrogen fixation changes nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3). Nitrification then changes ammonia into nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-). Plants can use ammonia and nitrates directly. Plant-eating organisms get nitrogen by eating plants.

When organisms die, soil bacteria break down organic nitrogen and convert it into ammonia. This process is called ammonification. Aerobic bacteria can then carry out denitrification and convert ammonia into nitrogen gas that returns to the atmosphere. That return of nitrogen gas completes the cycle.

The main long-term reservoir for nitrogen is nitrogen gas in the atmosphere. Smaller nitrogen sinks also store nitrogen for long periods. These include swamps, marine sediments, and sedimentary rock. Because nitrogen compounds dissolve easily in water, weathering of sedimentary rock can release nitrogen back into the ecosystem.

Human activity can change the nitrogen cycle. Farmers add nitrogen to soil as fertilizer because nitrogen is often a limiting factor for plant growth in natural environments. This can increase agricultural yield. However, runoff from farms can enter aquatic ecosystems and cause eutrophication, which leads to unnaturally rapid growth of toxic algae species. Large numbers of livestock can also increase the amount of nitric waste in soil and local water sources.

Nitrogen in Soil and Living Things

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the nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen in soil and living things moves through ecosystems in several forms. Nitrogen atoms are found in proteins and DNA. Most animals and plants cannot use nitrogen gas, which is the main form of nitrogen on Earth. Nitrogen must first be changed into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can move through food webs. About 78% of the air we breathe is nitrogen gas, but few organisms can use it in that form. Nitrogen fixation changes nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3).

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Follow nitrogen as it moves from air to soil, plants, and animals, and see how bacteria, fertilizers, and runoff shape the cycle in ecosystems.

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The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited ...

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The Earth&rsquo;s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, ...

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Nitrogen in Soil and Living Things

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