Name: understanding force in motion
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T10:52:51.000Z
Duration: 1 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.Phy.2.1

Force

Ya hemos estudiado anteriormente el movimiento de los objetos. ¿Qué hace que los objetos se muevan?
Cuando otro objeto le aplica un 'empuje' o un 'tirón', se mueve. Tal interacción entre objetos o entre un objeto y su entorno se llama fuerza.
Para determinar la fuerza, necesitamos saber qué tan fuerte y en qué dirección actúa. Por lo tanto, la fuerza es una cantidad vectorial y se expresa en unidades de newtons.
Por ejemplo, la fuerza gravitacional dirigida hacia el centro de la Tierra hace que las frutas caigan al suelo.
Cuando más de una fuerza actúa sobre un objeto, su efecto combinado es el mismo que el de una sola fuerza igual a la suma vectorial de las fuerzas individuales. Este principio se conoce como el principio de superposición de fuerzas.
Por el contrario, cualquier fuerza que actúe sobre un objeto puede resolverse en sus componentes de fuerza horizontal y vertical.

No se han declarado conflictos de interés.

fuerza

La fuerza afecta cada momento de nuestra vida. Nuestros cuerpos están sujetos a la Tierra por una fuerza, y están unidos por las fuerzas de las partículas cargadas. Cuando abrimos una puerta, caminamos por una calle, levantamos un tenedor o tocamos la cara de un bebé, estamos aplicando fuerza. Los átomos de nuestro cuerpo están unidos por fuerzas eléctricas, y el núcleo de un átomo, llamado núcleo, está unido por la fuerza más fuerte que conocemos, la fuerza nuclear. El estudio del movimiento se llama cinemática, pero la cinemática sólo describe la forma en que los objetos se mueven, su velocidad y su aceleración. La dinámica es el estudio de cómo las fuerzas afectan al movimiento de los objetos y los sistemas. Considera la causa del movimiento de los objetos y los sistemas de interés, donde un sistema es cualquier cosa que se esté analizando. Para entender esto, necesitamos una definición de trabajo de fuerza. Una definición intuitiva de fuerza, es decir, un empuje o una tracción, es un buen punto de partida. Sabemos que un empuje o una tracción tienen tanto magnitud como dirección (por lo tanto, la fuerza es una cantidad vectorial). Así, podemos definir la fuerza como el empuje o la tracción sobre un objeto con una magnitud y dirección específicas. La fuerza puede representarse mediante vectores o expresarse como un múltiplo de una fuerza estándar. La unidad SI de fuerza se llama newton (abreviado N), y 1 N es la fuerza necesaria para acelerar un objeto con una masa de 1 kg a una velocidad de 1 m/s²: 1 N = 1 kg·m/s². Este texto está adaptado de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/5-introduction">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Section 5.0: Introduction</a> y <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/5-1-forces">Section 5.1: Forces.</a>

Fuerza

Las fuerzas afectan cada momento de nuestra vida. Nuestros cuerpos están sujetos a la Tierra por la fuerza, y se mantienen unidos por las fuerzas de las partículas cargadas. Cuando ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Física

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Newton's Laws of Motion

Leyes del movimiento de Newton

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

understanding force in motion

Force is a push or pull that acts on an object. It has both magnitude and direction, so force is a vector quantity. In everyday life, force appears when we open a door, walk down a street, lift a fork, or touch a baby's face.

Forces also shape matter at the smallest scales. The atoms in our bodies are held together by electrical forces. The nucleus of an atom is held together by nuclear force, which is the strongest force known to us.

The study of motion is called kinematics. Kinematics describes how objects move, including their velocity and acceleration. Dynamics is different because it studies how forces affect the motion of objects and systems. A system is anything being analyzed.

To work with force in physics, we use vectors or compare it with a standard force. The SI unit of force is the newton, written as N. One newton is the force needed to accelerate a 1 kg object at 1 m/s², so 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

Understanding Force in Motion

force

Force is a push or pull that acts on an object. It has both magnitude and direction, so force is a vector quantity. In everyday life, force appears when we open a door, walk down a street, lift a fork, or touch a baby's face. Forces also shape matter at the smallest scales. The atoms in our bodies are held together by electrical forces. The nucleus of an atom is held together by nuclear force, which is the strongest force known to us. The study of motion is called kinematics. Kinematics...

types of forces

Contact and Field Forces in Physics

Forces in physics are often grouped as contact forces and field forces. Contact forces happen when objects touch directly. Field forces act without direct physical contact. They come from a field, which is a region of space that can be detected by the force it exerts on a body. Scientists describe four fundamental force fields in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. The gravitational field gives a body its weight. The electromagnetic field includes static...

newton's first law: introduction

Newton's First Law and Inertia

Newton's first law of motion explains inertia and how forces change motion. Motion can be striking to observe, from a dolphin jumping from water to a bird in flight or a satellite moving in orbit. The study of motion is kinematics, which describes velocity and acceleration. Dynamics goes further by examining the forces that affect moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. They are simple in form, but they describe a wide range of natural behavior.

newton's first law: application

Newton's First Law and Friction

Newton's first law explains why friction changes an object's motion. It says that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving unless a net external force acts on it. A net external force is the overall force from outside the object that causes a change in velocity, meaning a change in speed or direction. This idea gives a cause-and-effect reason for motion, rather than just describing what we see. Galileo first developed the idea behind the first law of motion, and...

internal and external forces

External Forces and Motion Changes

External forces and motion changes are linked in Newton’s first law. A net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system from outside that object or system. Internal forces come from inside the system of interest. They act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. These forces do not cause acceleration when the whole system is studied. When analyzing motion, the internal forces are ignored. Instead, only the external...

newton's second law

Force, Mass, and Acceleration

Newton's second law connects net force, mass, and acceleration. It explains how an object's motion changes when external forces act on it. The law gives a clear cause-and-effect link that can be used to make calculations. All external forces on a system are added together to find the net force, or F net. A larger net external force produces a larger acceleration. The acceleration points in the same direction as the net force. Mass also affects the result. A larger mass means more inertia, so...

mass and weight

Weight Changes, Mass Stays Constant

Mass and weight are related, but they are not the same. In physics, weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on how far the object is from the center of the Earth. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and it does not change with location. Everyday language can make this difference confusing. Medical records often list body weight in kilograms, even though the correct force unit is the newton. That can make mass and weight seem interchangeable. In physics, however, they...

weightlessness

Weightlessness in Free Fall

Weightlessness happens when contact forces disappear, even though gravity is still present. In physics, an object in free fall has only gravity acting on it. If the net external force on the object is its weight, the object is accelerating toward the center of the Earth. Galileo showed that, without air resistance, all objects fall with the same acceleration g. On Earth, falling objects are never truly in free fall because air always pushes upward with some resistance force. That is why real...

apparent weight

Scale Readings in Motion and Water

Scale readings can change when an object is moving or submerged in water. The force we call true weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. When motion or fluid forces are present, the reading can differ from that true weight. In water, this changed reading is called apparent weight, and it equals true weight minus the buoyant force. A bathroom scale in an elevator shows how this works. At rest, the scale reads the force the person pushes downward on it. The only forces on the...

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newton's third law: introduction

Newton's Third Law in Force Pairs

Newton's third law explains how force pairs work in motion and interactions. When one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A simple example is a person pushing on a wall. The wall pushes back on the person with an equal and opposite force. This is why Newton's third law is often described as action and reaction, where the action is the force exerted and the reaction is the force experienced afterward. <br...

newton's third law: examples

Newton's Third Law in Motion

Newton's third law explains how forces come in pairs during motion. It says that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In these examples, the two forces act on different systems, so they do not cancel each other out. A swimmer pushing off the side of a pool shows this clearly. The swimmer pushes against the wall with their feet and then accelerates in the opposite direction. The wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force. If the swimmer is the system of interest, the wall's...

drawing free-body diagrams: rules

Free-Body Diagrams for Newton’s Laws

Free-body diagrams help students map the forces acting on an object in physics. They are used often when studying and applying Newton’s laws of motion. A clear diagram makes it easier to analyze a system before solving for motion. Start by drawing the object under consideration. If the object is treated like a particle, show it as a point and place that point at the origin of an x-y coordinate system. Then add every force that acts on the object as a vector. Do not include the net force on the...

free body diagrams: examples

Free Body Diagram Force Examples

Free body diagrams show the external forces acting on an object or system. The object is drawn as a single isolated point, or free body, so the forces are easier to analyze. Only forces that come from outside the object or system are included. These forces are shown as vectors pointing away from the free body. A person sitting on a chair is a simple example. The free-body diagram has two forces. The chair exerts an upward normal force, and gravity pulls downward with the weight. A rocket sled...

inertial frames of reference

Newton's First Law and Reference Frames

Newton's first law helps identify inertial reference frames. An inertial reference frame is one in which Newton's first law holds true. In that frame, an object with no net force moves at constant velocity. A key idea is that any frame moving at constant velocity relative to an inertial frame is also inertial. For that reason, inertial frames can be found by comparing motion from one frame to another. The laws of physics do not give one inertial frame special status over another. In nature, a...

non-inertial frames of reference

Why Motion Seems Different in Accelerating Frames

A non-inertial frame of reference is a frame that accelerates, decelerates, or rotates relative to an inertial frame. In these frames, motion can look unusual because the observer is moving with the system. That is why an airplane taking off, a car turning a corner, a merry-go-round, and a tropical cyclone can all be examples of non-inertial motion. These situations can show inertial forces, which seem to appear because the frame itself is accelerating or rotating. The force does not come from...

centrifugal force

Rotating Frames and Pseudo Forces

Pseudo forces, also called fictitious forces, appear in a rotating frame of reference when compared with an inertial frame. They are not real forces. Instead, they are mathematical tools that help make Newton&amp;#39;s laws of motion easier to use in a non-inertial frame. Common examples include centrifugal, Coriolis, and Euler forces. These forces matter in mechanics, astrophysics, and fluid dynamics. In these areas, motion is often described from a frame that is not inertial. That is why...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how force acts as a push or pull, how it affects motion, and why newtons are the SI unit used to measure force in physics.

Understanding Force in Motion | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Core Física presenta la teoría y la aplicación de conceptos físicos fundamentales, como la cinemática, dinámica, mecánica de fluidos, estática, ondas y acústica, mediante animaciones audiovisuales concisas y fáciles de entender. Además, los vídeos de científicos en acción muestran la aplicación de los conceptos relacionados en experimentos de investigación clásicos y originales, realizados en laboratorios de todo el mundo.

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Physical Science

Structure and Properties of Matter

3.2.9-12.A

3.2.9-12.B

3.2.9-12.N

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Matter And Its Interactions

HS-PS1-1

Motion And Stability: Forces And Interactions

HS-PS2-4

HS-PS2-5

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Forces And Motion

Forces

Forces, Momentum And Motion

newton-s-laws-applied-to-complex-problems

Newton's laws applied to complex problems

Friction force (static and kinetic)

Air resistance and drag

Forces in two dimensions

Tennessee Academic Standards

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.4

Energy

PHYS.PS3.9

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

PS.8

PS.8.b

PH.3

PH.3.a

Arizona Science Standards

HS.P3

HS.P3U1.6

Alabama Course of Study Science

waves-and-their-applications-in-technologies-for-information-transfer

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

9-12.PS.2.3.a

9-12.P.1.2.a

9-12.P.1.2.b

Next Generation Science Standards

HS-PS2-1

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.10

SC.912.P.10.10

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

PHYS.5

PHYS.5.F

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.5

IPC.5.B

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

P-PS2-2

P-PS3-5

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS. Forces and Interactions

HS-PS2-1.

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SPS8.

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velocity-and-position-by-graphical-method

Velocity and Position by Graphical Method

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Use models (graphs, equations, diagrams) to infer motion in one dimension.

PS.Phy.1.1

Position and Displacement Vectors

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average-and-instantaneous-velocity-vectors

Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors

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Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle: Problem Solving

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Relative Velocity in One Dimension

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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

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Use models (graphs, equations, diagrams) to infer motion in two dimensions.

PS.Phy.1.2

Analyze the motion of objects using time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Understanding Force in Motion

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