Name: interphase and cell growth
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:54.000Z
Duration: 56 s
Channel: JoVE

En las células eucariotas, la mayor parte del ciclo celular es la interfase, que se divide en tres etapas, G1, S y G2.
 En G1, la primera fase de brecha, una célula hija recién generada crece en tamaño y se prepara para la duplicación del ADN en la siguiente fase.
Ahora, en S, la fase de síntesis, las células duplican su ADN nuclear, que permanece empaquetado como cromatina. Las células también duplican los centrosomas, la estructura organizadora de los microtúbulos que forma el aparato fusiforme mitótico.
Finalmente, en G2, la segunda fase de brecha, las células continúan creciendo, multiplicando orgánulos y proteínas que son necesarios para la mitosis y reponiendo sus reservas de energía. La célula ahora está lista para entrar en la primera etapa de la mitosis.

interfase

Interphase

El ciclo celular ocurre durante aproximadamente 24 horas (en una célula humana típica) y en dos etapas distintas: interfase, que incluye tres fases del ciclo celular (G1, S y G2) y mitosis (M). Durante la interfase, que ocupa aproximadamente el 95 por ciento de la duración del ciclo celular eucariota, las células crecen y replican su ADN en preparación para la mitosis.

Fases de la interfase

Después de cada período de mitosis y citocinesis, las células eucariotas entran en la interfase, durante la cual crecen y replican su ADN en preparación para la siguiente división mitótica.

Durante la fase G1 (espacio 1), las células crecen continuamente y se preparan para la replicación del ADN. Durante esta fase, las células son metabólicamente activas y copian orgánulos esenciales y moléculas bioquímicas, como las proteínas.

En la siguiente fase S (síntesis) de la interfase, las células duplican su ADN nuclear, que permanece empaquetado en cromatina semicondensada. Durante la fase S, las células también duplican el centrosoma, una estructura organizadora de microtúbulos que forma el aparato del huso mitótico. El huso mitótico separa los cromosomas durante la mitosis.

En la fase G2 (espacio 2), que sigue a la síntesis de ADN, las células continúan creciendo y sintetizando proteínas y orgánulos para prepararse para la mitosis.

En las células humanas, la fase G1 dura aproximadamente 11 horas, la fase S dura aproximadamente 8 horas y la fase G2 dura aproximadamente 4 horas. Durante G1, las células son diploides (2n, un par de cada cromosoma). Después de la replicación en la fase S, las células aumentan su contenido de ADN a 4n. Las células permanecen 4n hasta la citocinesis, momento en el que su contenido de ADN se reduce a 2n.

Interfase

El ciclo celular ocurre durante aproximadamente 24 horas (en una célula humana típica) y en dos etapas distintas: interfase, que incluye tres fases de la ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomía y Fisiología

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Essential Cellular Processes

Procesos celulares esenciales

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

interphase and cell growth

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when a cell grows and prepares to divide. It is a major stage of the cell cycle, and it comes before cell division begins.

During interphase, the cell carries out its normal functions. It also copies its DNA so each new cell can receive a full set of genetic material. The cell may also build up the materials it needs for division.

Interphase is not a single step. It includes phases such as G1, S, and G2, which help the cell grow, copy DNA, and get ready for mitosis. These steps keep the cell cycle moving in an orderly way.

Interphase and Cell Growth

the central dogma

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replication in eukaryotes

Eukaryotic DNA Copying at the Replication Fork

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types of rna

RNA Types in Gene Expression

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transcription

Transcription and RNA Synthesis

Transcription is the process of making RNA from a DNA template. It is a key step in gene expression, because cells use the DNA sequence to build an RNA copy that can carry the message forward. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and reads one strand as the template. The enzyme links RNA nucleotides together in the correct order to form a growing RNA molecule. This copying step does not make DNA; it produces RNA. The transcript focuses on the central idea of transcription as DNA...

translation

Translation: mRNA to Protein

Translation is the step in gene expression where ribosomes use messenger RNA, or mRNA, to build a protein. The mRNA sequence carries the instructions copied from DNA. During translation, those instructions are read in order so the cell can make a specific chain of amino acids. This process depends on the ribosome and transfer RNA, or tRNA. The ribosome reads the mRNA, and tRNA brings the matching amino acids. As the chain grows, the amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide, which...

regulation of expression at multiple steps

regulation-of-expression-at-multiple-steps

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what is the cell cycle?

Cell Cycle Stages in Cell Growth

The cell cycle is the process that controls cell growth and division. It explains how one cell makes two new cells. This process helps cells grow and reproduce.

interphase

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when a cell grows and prepares to divide. It is a major stage of the cell cycle, and it comes before cell division begins. During interphase, the cell carries out its normal functions. It also copies its DNA so each new cell can receive a full set of genetic material. The cell may also build up the materials it needs for division. Interphase is not a single step. It includes phases such as G1, S, and G2, which help the cell grow, copy DNA, and get...

mitosis and cytokinesis

Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Cell division depends on mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the stage when the cell’s nucleus divides and the copied chromosomes are separated into two sets. Cytokinesis is the step that follows and splits the cell into two daughter cells. These two processes work together to make sure each new cell receives genetic material and its own cytoplasm. Mitosis keeps the chromosome sets organized, while cytokinesis finishes the division of the whole cell. Together, they create two separate cells...

the cell cycle control system

Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Cyclin Control

The cell cycle is controlled by checkpoints that help a cell move from one phase to the next and begin mitosis. This control system uses internal regulatory molecules and outside signals to send stop or advance instructions. It makes sure each step is finished before the cell moves forward. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, are the main regulators of the cell cycle. They act during the G1, G2, and M phases. These regulators work at specific checkpoints to keep cell division...

molecular factors affecting cell division

molecular-factors-affecting-cell-division

Cell Cycle Regulators That Control Division

Cell division is controlled by outside signals and by internal cell cycle regulators. Nearby cell death can encourage division, and human growth hormone (hGH) can also promote it. In contrast, too little hGH or crowded cells can slow or stop division. Inside the cell, regulator molecules help each stage finish correctly before the next stage begins. Some regulators act directly on the cycle, while others affect the activity or production of other regulatory proteins. These molecules can either...

what is meiosis?

Meiosis and the Formation of Gametes

Meiosis is the cell division process that forms gametes, or sex cells. It reduces the chromosome number so offspring can inherit the correct amount of genetic material. This process includes two successive divisions. First, one cell divides, and then the resulting cells divide again. These steps separate the genetic material in a controlled way. Meiosis helps explain how sexual reproduction passes traits from one generation to the next. It is a key topic in high school biology because it...

overview of cell signaling

Cell Signaling Pathways and Responses

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g protein-coupled receptors

G Protein-coupled Receptor Signaling

G protein-coupled receptors are a major class of cell-surface receptors. They help cells detect signals outside the cell and pass that information inward. These receptors are important in many kinds of cell communication. When a signal binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, the receptor changes shape. That change activates a G protein inside the cell. The activated G protein can then start a signaling pathway. This signaling system includes the receptor, the G protein, and the downstream...

cellular differentiation

From Stem Cell to Specialized Cells

Cellular differentiation turns unspecialized cells into specialized cells with specific jobs. This process helps a complex organism, such as a human, develop from a single fertilized egg into a body with many cell types. Nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells are examples of the final cell types that appear during development. A zygote is the first cell after fertilization. It is a totipotent stem cell, which means it has very high differentiation potential and can form all cell types...

key terms and concepts

Learn how interphase supports cell growth, DNA copying, and preparation for mitosis. A clear high school explanation of this key cell cycle stage.

Interphase and Cell Growth | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

Interphase and Cell Growth

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