Name: mechanics in physics and engineering
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Arizona Science Standards

High School

Physical Science

HS.P3

HS.P3U2.7

An Introduction to Mechanics

La mecánica es una rama de la ciencia física que se ocupa del estudio del estado de un objeto en reposo o en movimiento bajo la acción de fuerzas.
T se clasifica generalmente como mecánica de cuerpo rígido, mecánica de cuerpo deformable y mecánica de fluidos.
La mecánica de cuerpos rígidos estudia aquellos objetos en los que la deformación es despreciable bajo la acción de fuerzas.
Se puede ramificar en estática y dinámica. La estática se ocupa del estado de los objetos en reposo, mientras que la dinámica se ocupa de los objetos en movimiento.
La dinámica se divide a su vez en cinemática y cinética, donde las fuerzas responsables del movimiento se descuidan y se consideran, respectivamente.
La mecánica corporal deformable estudia la deformación de un objeto bajo la acción de fuerzas.
El estudio del movimiento y las fuerzas de los fluidos se denomina mecánica de fluidos. Se clasifica a su vez en fluidos compresibles e incompresibles.
El diseño y análisis de estructuras como edificios, ballestas en automóviles, ganchos de grúas, pistolas de clavos neumáticas, sistemas de frenado hidráulico y robots industriales se basan en los principios de la mecánica.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Ingeniería Mecánica \u2012 Estática y Dinámica. Hoboken, Nueva Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. págs. 3 \u2012 4</li>
	<li>Cerveza, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F.; Cromwell, P.J. y Self, B.P. (2019). Mecánica vectorial para ingenieros: estática y dinámica. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. págs. 2 \u2012 3</li>
	<li>Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G. y Bolton, J.N. (2020). Ingeniería Mecánica \u2012 Estática. Hoboken, Nueva Jersey: John Wiley. págs. 1 \u2012 2</li>
</ol>

una introducción a la mecánica

Los seres humanos han estado construyendo barcos, refugios, pirámides, armas, equipos agrícolas y muchos otros objetos sin registrar el proceso o la teoría detrás de ellos durante siglos. Sería un desafío documentar la evolución de la mecánica desde sus orígenes hasta el presente. Según los registros, la historia de la mecánica comienza con Aristóteles (384–322 a.C), quien relacionó la mecánica con la teoría física, buscando una síntesis universal. Newton definió la mecánica como la rama de la ciencia física que estudia el estado de un objeto en reposo o en movimiento bajo la acción de fuerzas. La mecánica es un área fundamental de la física con aplicaciones significativas en diversas ramas de la ingeniería y la ciencia. El estudio de la mecánica es esencial para comprender el movimiento de objetos cotidianos, el comportamiento de máquinas y dispositivos, y el funcionamiento de diferentes sistemas. La mecánica de cuerpos rígidos es una rama de la mecánica que trata sobre objetos en los que la deformación es insignificante bajo la acción de fuerzas. La mecánica de cuerpos rígidos se puede dividir en las ramas de estática y dinámica. La estática se ocupa del estado de los objetos en reposo, mientras que la dinámica se ocupa de los objetos en movimiento. La dinámica se divide además en cinemática y cinética, siendo la primera aquella que no considera las fuerzas responsables del movimiento y la segunda la que las considera. En cambio, la mecánica de cuerpos deformables se centra en la deformación de un objeto bajo la acción de fuerzas. Comprender el comportamiento de los materiales, como aquellos utilizados en la construcción o fabricación, y el diseño y análisis de diferentes estructuras es crucial. La mecánica de fluidos es el estudio del movimiento y las fuerzas de los fluidos. Es un campo amplio y se clasifica en fluidos compresibles e incompresibles, según su comportamiento. La mecánica de fluidos tiene muchas aplicaciones prácticas y se utiliza en el diseño y análisis de diversos sistemas, como sistemas hidráulicos o neumáticos, sistemas de transporte de fluidos y equipos de procesamiento químico. Muchas estructuras y máquinas están diseñadas y analizadas en base a los principios de la mecánica. Por ejemplo, el diseño de edificios, puentes y otras estructuras depende de los principios de la mecánica para evaluar la resistencia de los materiales, las fuerzas de la gravedad y el movimiento de la tierra. Los principios de la mecánica también se utilizan en el diseño de componentes automotrices, como muelles de hojas y sistemas de frenado hidráulico, ganchos de grúas, robots industriales y lavadoras neumáticas.

Una Introducción a la Mecánica

Los humanos han estado fabricando barcos, refugios, pirámides, armas, equipos agrícolas y muchos más artículos sin registrar el proceso o la teoría detrás ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Ingeniería Mecánica

Unit 1

Unidad 1

An Introduction to Statics

Introducción a la Estática

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

mechanics in physics and engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work.

The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at rest or in motion under the action of forces.

Rigid body mechanics deals with objects that do not deform much when forces act on them. This area is divided into statics and dynamics. Statics studies objects at rest, while dynamics studies objects in motion.

Dynamics is further divided into kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics describes motion without focusing on the forces that cause it. Kinetics includes those forces and explains how they affect motion.

Deformable body mechanics focuses on how objects change shape under force. This is important for understanding materials used in construction and manufacturing. It also helps in the design and analysis of structures.

Fluid mechanics studies the motion of fluids and the forces within them. It is often divided into compressible and incompressible fluids, based on how the fluid behaves. This field is used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, fluid transportation, and chemical processing equipment.

Principles of mechanics guide the design of many structures and machines. Buildings and bridges are analyzed for material strength, gravity, and earth movement. The same ideas also apply to automobile leaf springs, hydraulic braking systems, crane hooks, industrial robots, and pneumatic nail guns.

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

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Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

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units of measurement

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Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

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numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

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accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Learn how mechanics explains motion, forces, statics, dynamics, fluids, and material behavior, with real-world examples in structures and machines.

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

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Newton's Second Law

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HS.P3U1.6

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Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

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