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JoVE Core
Biology
Interfase
Interfase
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Interphase

10.5: Interfase

213,045 Views
00:54 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

El ciclo celular ocurre durante aproximadamente 24 horas (en una célula humana típica) y en dos etapas distintas: interfase, que incluye tres fases del ciclo celular (G1, S y G2) y mitosis (M). Durante la interfase, que ocupa aproximadamente el 95 por ciento de la duración del ciclo celular eucariota, las células crecen y replican su ADN en preparación para la mitosis.

PFases de la interfase

Después de cada período de mitosis y citocinesis, las células eucariotas entran en la interfase, durante la cual crecen y replican su ADN en preparación para la siguiente división mitótica.

Durante la fase G1 (espacio 1), las células crecen continuamente y se preparan para la replicación del ADN. Durante esta fase, las células son metabólicamente activas y copian orgánulos esenciales y moléculas bioquímicas, como las proteínas.

En la siguiente fase S (síntesis) de la interfase, las células duplican su ADN nuclear, que permanece empaquetado en cromatina semicondensada. Durante la fase S, las células también duplican el centrosoma, una estructura organizadora de microtúbulos que forma el aparato del huso mitótico. El huso mitótico separa los cromosomas durante la mitosis.

En la fase G2 (espacio 2), que sigue a la síntesis de ADN, las células continúan creciendo y sintetizando proteínas y orgánulos para prepararse para la mitosis.

En las células humanas, la fase G1 dura aproximadamente 11 horas, la fase S dura aproximadamente 8 horas y la fase G2 dura aproximadamente 4 horas. Durante G1, las células son diploides (2n, un par de cada cromosoma). Después de la replicación en la fase S, las células aumentan su contenido de ADN a 4n. Las células permanecen 4n hasta la citocinesis, momento en el que su contenido de ADN se reduce a 2n.

Transcript

- [Narrador] En las células eucariotas,

la mayor parte del ciclo celular es la interfase

y se divide en 3 estapas: G1, S y G2.

En la G1, la primer fase de intervalo,

una nueva célula hija crece en tamaño

y se prepara para la multiplicación del ADN

en la siguiente fase.

En la S, la fase de síntesis,

las células duplican el ADN de sus núcleos,

que se mantiene condensada en forma de cromatina.

Las células también duplican los centrosomas,

la estructura organizadora compuesta de microtúbulos

que forma el sistema del huso mitótico.

Por último, en la G2, la segunda fase de intervalo,

las células continúan creciendo, multiplican organelas

y proteínas que son necesarias para la mitosis

y reponen sus depósitos de energía.

La célula, en ese momento, está lista para entrar

en la primera etapa de mitosis.

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Cell Cycle – Series of stages a cell undergoes to grow, replicate DNA, and divide into two daughter cells.
  • Interphase – Longest cell cycle phase where cells grow, replicate DNA, and prepare for mitosis.
  • G1 Phase – First growth phase marked by active metabolism and organelle duplication.
  • S Phase – Phase when DNA is replicated and centrosomes are duplicated for cell division.
  • G2 Phase – Final interphase stage with continued growth and protein synthesis before mitosis.
.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Interphase Phases – Recognize the G1, S, and G2 stages where cells grow, replicate DNA, and prepare for mitosis (e.g., cell cycle).
  • Understand DNA Replication – Learn how DNA strands are duplicated during the S phase using semiconservative synthesis (e.g., synthesis).
  • Track Cell Growth – Identify key processes in G1 and G2 like organelle duplication and protein synthesis before mitosis (e.g., growth).
  • Compare DNA Content – Follow chromosome duplication from diploid (2n) to tetraploid (4n) and return to 2n after cytokinesis.
  • Prepare for Mitosis – Understand interphase as a foundation for cell division.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is interphase in the cell cycle and why is it essential for cell division?
  • What happens in the S phase of the interphase and why is DNA replication important?
  • What happens during the G2 phase of interphase and how does it prepare the cell for mitosis?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Understand what happens during interphase and why it is essential in the cell cycle.
  • Educators – Provides a clear framework for teaching the stages of interphase (G1, S, and G2) and their role in cell division.
  • Researchers – Reinforces the importance of interphase in preparing cells for mitosis or meiosis.
  • Science Enthusiasts – Offers insights into how cells grow, duplicate DNA, and preserve genetic stability before dividing.

Explore More Videos

Interfase Células Eucariotas G1 S G2 Fase de brecha Fase de síntesis Duplicación de ADN cromatina Centrosomas Aparato fusiforme mitótico Orgánulos Proteínas Mitosis Ciclo celular Crecimiento Replicación de ADN Citocinesis

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