Fuente: Smaa Koraym de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, MD, EE.UU.
En este laboratorio, excitará los electrones de seis sales de cloruro metálico con el calor de una llama y medirá la longitud de onda de la luz emitida por los electrones relajantes. La luz emitida está en el espectro visible, por lo que verá llamas de diferentes colores para los diferentes metales.
Al final del laboratorio, medirá el espectro de emisión de una bengala y utilizará los datos que recopiló de las sales metálicas para identificar los metales en la bengala. Para ayudar con este proceso, haz una tabla en tu cuaderno de laboratorio para registrar las longitudes de onda emitidas por la luz ambiental, las sales y la bengala.
| Run # | Source | Longitud(es) de onda grabada(s) |
| 1 | Luces de la habitación | |
| 2 | NaCl | |
| 3 | LiCl | |
| 4 | KCl | |
| 5 | SrCl2 | |
| 6 | BaCl2 | |
| 7 | CuCl2 | |
| 8 | Sparkler |
Haga clic aquí para descargar la Tabla 1
Durante este laboratorio, sostendrá un aplicador recubierto de sal en el borde de la llama de un mechero Bunsen para excitar las sales metálicas. Si el aplicador se incendia, apágalo inmediatamente en un vaso de precipitados con agua. Para la excitación, sostendrá un detector cerca de la llama y la bengala para medir las longitudes de onda de la luz emitida. Mantenga una distancia segura para protegerse a sí mismo y al detector. Como algunas tareas se realizan simultáneamente, le sugerimos que trabaje en grupos de cuatro y que cada estudiante complete las tareas según sea necesario.
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Q1: What happens when metal chloride salts are heated in a flame?
When metal chloride salts are heated in a flame, their electrons become excited by the thermal energy. As these electrons relax back to their ground state, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each metal. The emitted light is visible, producing different colored flames for different metals, allowing identification through wavelength measurement.
Q2: How do you measure the emission spectrum of metal salts in this lab?
Hold a salt-coated applicator about 1 mm into the outer flame of a Bunsen burner while positioning a hand-held spectrophotometer detector approximately one inch from the flame. Start data collection when the applicator enters the flame. The spectrometer records emission intensity across wavelengths, capturing peaks that identify the metal's characteristic emission wavelengths.
Q3: Why is detector distance critical when measuring flame emission spectra?
The detector must be held no closer than one inch from the flame to avoid damage to the sensitive equipment. However, if positioned too far away, the spectrum becomes unclear and weak. Optimal distance balances detector protection with signal quality, ensuring peaks remain within detection limits and noise is minimized.
Q4: What does comparing a sparkler spectrum to metal salt spectra reveal?
By comparing the sparkler's emission spectrum to reference spectra from known metal chloride salts, you can identify which metals are present in the sparkler. Matching peaks at specific wavelengths indicate the presence of particular metals. For example, a peak at 589 nm matches sodium, while peaks at 770 nm match potassium.
Q5: How should you handle cross-contamination when testing multiple metal salts?
Always use a different applicator for each salt to prevent cross-contamination between samples. After testing each salt, submerge the used applicator in a wastewater beaker. This ensures that each metal salt measurement remains pure and unaffected by residue from previously tested salts.
Q6: What adjustments improve spectrum quality if peaks appear off-scale or noisy?
If peak intensities are off-scale, adjust the detector position until all peaks fall within detection limits. If the spectrum is noisy or weak, try pointing the detector at a different part of the flame. Repositioning the detector helps optimize signal strength and clarity without damaging equipment.
Q7: Why is plotting intensity versus wavelength essential for analyzing emission data?
Plotting intensity on the y-axis and wavelength on the x-axis creates a visual representation of each metal's unique emission pattern. This graph allows direct comparison between the sparkler spectrum and reference metal spectra, making it easier to identify matching peaks and determine which metals are present in the sparkler.