El enfoque nativista

The Nativist approach to infant cognitive development suggests that infants are born with significant knowledge and understanding of the world.

For example, infants grasp the concept of object permanence earlier than Jean Piaget initially proposed. Studies show that by three to four months, infants expect objects to be substantial, meaning they don't allow other objects to pass through them, and permanent, continuing to exist even when out of sight.

Elizabeth Spelke, a prominent nativist theorist, supports the core knowledge approach, which proposes that infants are born with domain-specific knowledge systems.

These systems include basic understandings of space, numerical sense, object permanence, and language.

This perspective, influenced by evolutionary theory, suggests that certain knowledge domains are "prewired" in infants to help them make sense of their environment.

This core knowledge forms a foundation for developing more advanced cognitive abilities and learning.

However, critics argue that the nativist approach overemphasizes internal cognitive processes in infants, potentially overlooking the powerful influence of their social environments.