Name: leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs
Uploaded: 2019-01-31T09:26:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.2

Photosynthesis

<ul><li><a href="# » data-time="4">Chromatographie des pigments végétaux et disques de feuilles flottantes sous vide
</a></li></ul>

<ul class="lab-items"><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Bandes de chromatographie (bande de 18 x 3-4 cm)">Bandes de chromatographie (bande de 18 x 3-4 cm)</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Solvant de chromatographie (90 % d’éther de pétrole et 10 % d’acétone, 10 mL)">Solvant de chromatographie (90 % d’éther de pétrole et 10 % d’acétone, 10 mL)</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="quantité » data-value="50">50</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value="mL">mL</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Cure-pipes">Cure-pipes</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient » data-value="Seringues jetables en plastique (20 mL)">Seringues jetables en plastique (20 mL)</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="10">10</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Trombones">Trombones</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="10">10</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Pétriduses">Pétriduses </div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Béchers en plastique/verre (400 mL)">Béchers en plastique/verre (400 mL)</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="15">15</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Perforation « >Perforation </div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Règle">Règle</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Marqueur permanent">Marqueur permanent</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Crayon">Crayon</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="montant » data-value="5">5</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value=""></span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingredient » data-value="Savon à vaisselle liquide Dawn (1 bouteille)">Savon à vaisselle liquide Dawn (1 bouteille)</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="amount » data-value="1">1</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value="par station">par station</span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Feuilles d’épinards « >Feuilles d’épinards </div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="quantité » data-value= »-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value="Dépend de la taille du labo « >Dépend de la taille du labo </span>
								</div>
							</li><li data-lab-item="1">
								<div class="ingrédient » data-value="Bicarbonate de sodium/bicarbonate de soude">Bicarbonate de sodium/bicarbonate de soude</div>
								<div class="quantité-d’ingrédient">
									<span class="quantité » data-value= »-1">-1</span>
									<span class="unité » data-value="Dépend de la taille du labo « >Dépend de la taille du labo </span>
								</div>
							</li></ul>

photosynthèse

<ol class="note-items"><li data-note-item="1 » data-parent-collapse=""Chromatographie > pigmentaire végétale et disques à feuilles flottantes sous vide
<button class="expand">Expand<</button>ul class="lab-items"><li data-sub-note-item="1-1"><div class="lab-step">La veille de l’expérience, remplissez un récipient d’eau.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-2"><div class="lab-step">Placez les feuilles d’épinards dans l’eau et assurez-vous qu’elles sont immergées.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-3"><div class="lab-step">Laissez tremper les feuilles d’épinards toute la nuit à température ambiante.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-4"><div class="lab-step">Avec des gants, préparer et mesurer des sections de papier de chromatographie de 18 cm x 304 cm.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-5"><div class="lab-step">Préparez une solution de bicarbonate pour la deuxième expérience en combinant 0,25 g de NaHCO3 avec 300 mL d’eau. Ajoutez une giclée de savon à vaisselle à la solution et mélangez doucement.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-6"><div class="lab-step">Si la solution est encore savonneuse, ajoutez plus de bicarbonate.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-7"><div class="lab-step">Pour la solution de contrôle, mélangez 300 mL d’eau avec une giclée de savon à vaisselle. Mélangez doucement et essayez d’éviter la mousse.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-8"><div class="lab-step">Juste avant le début de l’expérience, sélectionnez quelques feuilles d’épinards de douceur et d’épaisseur similaires sans trop de grosses nervures.
</div></li><li data-sub-note-item="1-9"><div class="lab-step">Utilisez une perforatrice pour créer 20 disques uniformes à partir des feuilles pour chaque élève ou groupe.
</div></li></ul></li></ol>

<div class="section-question"><h4 class="question-sect">Qu’est-ce que la photosynthèse ?</h4><p>La photosynthèse est la conversion de la lumière du soleil en énergie utilisable et stockable. Les autotrophes (comme les plantes) utilisent le dioxyde de carbone, l’eau et l’énergie de la lumière du soleil pour générer du glucose et de l’oxygène par photosynthèse, fournissant ainsi une source d’énergie majeure dans le réseau trophique.
</p></div><div class="section-question"><h4 class="question-sect">Comment les plantes exploitent-elles l’énergie du...

Photosynthèse

Chromatographie pigmentaire végétale et disques de feuilles flottantes sous vide
ExpandLa veille de l’expérience, remplissez un récipient d’eau.
Placez les épinards ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Lab Manual

Biologie

Cellular Processes

Processus cellulaires

Lab Manual Sub Articles

Sous-articles du manuel de laboratoire

leaf pigment prep for chromatography labs

<p class="jove_content">Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one squirt of dish soap and mix gently. If the solution stays sudsy, add more bicarbonate.</p>

<p class="jove_content">A control solution is prepared separately with 300 mL water and one squirt of dish soap. Mix this gently and avoid creating suds. Just before the lab begins, choose spinach leaves that are similar in smoothness and thickness and do not have too many large veins. Use a hole punch to make 20 uniform discs for each student or group.</p>

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

leaf-pigment-prep-for-chromatography-labs

photosynthesis

Spinach Pigments and Leaf Disc Photosynthesis

Spinach leaves contain pigments that can be separated by chromatography. In this lab, chromatography paper is used to move the pigments at different rates so their colors and positions can be compared. By measuring how far each pigment travels and calculating its retention factor, or Rf value, students can identify the pigments by matching them with literature values.<br /><br />The chromatography setup starts with a pencil line drawn 2 centimeters from one end of the paper. A spinach leaf is pressed...

Leaf pigment chromatography and floating leaf disc preparation are part of a photosynthesis lab. The work begins the day before the experiment. Spinach leaves are placed in a container of water and kept fully submerged overnight at room temperature.<br /><br />The setup also includes chromatography paper for the pigment test. Wearing gloves, prepare and measure 18 cm x 304 cm sections of the paper. For the leaf disc activity, make a bicarbonate solution by mixing 0.25 g NaHCO3 with 300 mL water. Add one...

lab manual sub articles

Prepare spinach leaves, chromatography paper, bicarbonate solution, and leaf discs for a high school photosynthesis lab on pigments and floating discs.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs | JoVE K12

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

matter-and-energy-in-organisms-and-ecosystems

Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

3.1.9-12.E

3.1.9-12.J

3.1.9-12.K

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Environmental Science

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy And Dynamics

HS-LS2-4

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Cells

Cellular processes

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.2

BIO.2.e

Minnesota Academic Standards in Science

3.1.1 9L.3.1.1.2

3.2.1 9L.3.2.1.3

Next Generation Science Standards

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-5

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-5.

<p>Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé pourquoi chaque automne, les feuilles des arbres passent du vert aux nuances de jaune, d’orange et de rouge ? Qu’est-ce qui donne aux feuilles leurs couleurs vives en premier lieu ? La réponse réside dans les organites végétaux appelés chloroplastes, qui contiennent des pigments qui absorbent certaines longueurs d’onde de la lumière du soleil et en réfléchissent d’autres. Un pigment particulier, la chlorophylle, est le plus abondant en été. Il absorbe les longueurs d’onde à haute énergie, violettes, bleues et rouges de la lumière du soleil et réfléchit les longueurs d’onde vertes donnant aux feuilles leur aspect vert. Il existe d’autres pigments dans les feuilles, tels que les caroténoïdes, qui réfléchissent la lumière rouge et jaune. À l’automne, les feuilles cessent de reconstituer leurs pigments. Comme la chlorophylle se dégrade plus rapidement que les autres pigments, les couleurs de ces caroténoïdes sont démasquées.</p><p>La présence de différents pigments dans une feuille verte peut être démontrée avec du papier de chromatographie, un polymère hydrophile qui sépare les molécules en fonction de leur solubilité dans un solvant particulier. Tout d’abord, l’extrait de feuille est chargé sur le papier. Lorsque le papier est plongé dans un solvant hydrophobe organique, le solvant se déplace le long du papier en raison de l’action capillaire et en cours de route, il sépare différents pigments dans l’extrait de feuille. Les pigments les plus hydrophobes sont transportés plus haut dans le papier. Alors que les pigments hydrophiles se lient à la cellulose, ce qui entrave leur mouvement. Une fois que tous les pigments sont triés en fonction de leur hydrophobie, nous pouvons calculer le facteur de rétention ou les valeurs Rf. La valeur Rf est le rapport entre la distance parcourue par un pigment et la distance parcourue par le solvant. Chaque pigment a une valeur Rf unique et nous pouvons facilement identifier les pigments en comparant les valeurs calculées aux normes. La photosynthèse, le processus par lequel les plantes convertissent le dioxyde de carbone, l’eau et l’énergie lumineuse en énergie chimique et en oxygène, est réalisée principalement dans les feuilles d’une plante, et la chlorophylle joue un rôle essentiel dans ce processus. Les chloroplastes contiennent des dizaines de molécules de chlorophylle, chacune effectuant une tâche spécifique et interagissant de manière complexe. En fin de compte, l’énergie lumineuse amène les molécules de chlorophylle à céder des électrons qui sont utilisés dans d’autres processus métaboliques. Par conséquent, la chlorophylle a besoin d’un apport continu d’électrons pour remplacer ceux qu’elle perd. Ces électrons de remplacement proviennent de la division des molécules d’eau en protons, électrons et molécules d’oxygène. À des taux élevés de photosynthèse, l’eau se divise plus rapidement pour reconstituer les électrons et l’oxygène est généré rapidement.</p><p>Ce phénomène nous aide à évaluer le taux de photosynthèse en laboratoire en suspendant simplement des disques de feuilles dans une solution de bicarbonate où le bicarbonate agit comme une riche source de carbone. Au début de l’expérience du disque foliaire, les gaz sont expulsés des disques foliaires en appliquant une pression négative avec un vide dans une seringue. Les disques des feuilles, avec leurs gaz expulsés, deviennent plus lourds et coulent au fond de la solution de bicarbonate lorsqu’ils sont transférés dans un bécher. Lorsque la photosynthèse a lieu, l’eau de l’environnement est divisée afin de reconstituer les électrons de chlorophylle. L’oxygène qui en résulte rend les disques plus légers, ce qui les fait flotter à la surface au fil du temps. Les environnements qui permettent des taux de photosynthèse plus élevés ont des disques qui flottent plus vite.</p><p>Dans cet atelier, vous allez d’abord séparer et identifier les pigments des feuilles d’épinards à l’aide de papier de chromatographie. Ensuite, vous évaluerez le taux de photosynthèse dans l’eau et dans une solution bicarbonatée avec une expérience de disque foliaire.</p>

photosynthesis: light, sugars, and carbon

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis turns sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process powers most life on Earth by helping autotrophs, or primary producers, make food. The glucose they make can provide quick energy or be stored as starch for later use. Consumers depend on these producers for energy.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis happens in many kinds of organisms. Cyanobacteria, some protists such as algae, and plants can all carry out this process. In eukaryotic cells, it takes place in the chloroplast. Chloroplasts look green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light at specific wavelengths.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Plants use several pigments to capture light. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light. Other pigments, including carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains, absorb or reflect different wavelengths and often appear yellow to red. In autumn, when chlorophyll levels drop in temperate regions, these pigments become visible and leaves change color.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis has two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. These stages happen in different parts of the chloroplast. The chloroplast has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an inner thylakoid membrane that forms disc-like folds. The space between the inner membrane and thylakoids is the stroma.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-dependent reactions begin in the thylakoid membrane when sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll. Those electrons move through an electron transport chain, dropping to lower energy levels and releasing energy. The cell uses that energy to make ATP and NADPH. Water splitting, also called hydrolysis, replaces the lost electrons in chlorophyll. This process releases oxygen into the atmosphere and helps keep the flow of electrons going.</p>

<p class="jove_content">The light-independent reactions take place in the stroma. They use ATP and NADPH from the first stage to build a three-carbon sugar from carbon dioxide. That sugar can then be turned into glucose or other biomolecules. This is also called carbon fixation or carbon sequestration because carbon is pulled from the atmosphere and stored in living molecules.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Photosynthesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide moves between reservoirs at a steady pace, but changes in that flow can upset the balance. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, more of it in the atmosphere can raise temperatures. Much of the extra carbon dioxide comes from burning fossil fuels, which returns ancient carbon to the air very quickly.</p>

<p class="jove_content">Forests and ocean algae help lower carbon dioxide levels, so deforestation is a serious concern in a changing climate. Scientists are also studying artificial photosynthesis as a way to make carbon-neutral biofuels. Like solar panels, these methods take energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy instead of electricity. Researchers have also used photosynthetic bacteria to make simple sugars, lactic acid, biodegradable plastics, and even medically useful compounds, including substances studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Photosynthesis: Light, Sugars, and Carbon

Autotrophes

Presque tous les organismes vivants sur Terre dépendent de la photosynthèse, qui est le processus qui convertit l’énergie solaire en un sucre simple appelé ...

Testez votre compréhension de Photosynthèse avec ce quiz d'évaluation de Biology sur JoVE Lab Manual. Couvre les concepts clés à travers des questions basées sur des vidéos conçues pour évaluer l'apprentissage des étudiants.

Photosynthèse dans Biology - Quiz d'évaluation | JoVE Lab Manual

Suivez les procédures étape par étape de Photosynthèse dans cette vidéo de protocole étudiant de 8 minutes. Fait partie de la collection Biology sur JoVE Lab Manual.

Protocole étudiant de Photosynthèse dans Biology - 32K+ vues | JoVE Lab Manual

Compounds Essential to Human Function

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Macromolecules

Biomolecules
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ATP Energy Storage and Release

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Construct an explanation to illustrate relationships between structure and function of major macromolecules essential for life.

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introduction-to-mechanisms-of-enzyme-catalysis

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The Nucleus

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Golgi Apparatus

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Peroxisomes

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overview-of-myosin-structure-and-function

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Construct explanations to compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of structures and degree of complexity.

LS.Bio.1.4

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA ...

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between ...

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised&#160; of nucleotides and proteins are ...

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form ...

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse ...

Construct an explanation to summarize how DNA and RNA direct the synthesis of proteins.

LS.Bio.1.5

Analyze how the relationship between structure and function supports life processes within organisms.

Leaf Pigment Prep for Chromatography Labs

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Qu’est-ce que la photosynthèse ?

Lab Prep

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