Name: cell signaling pathways and responses
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:45.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

High School

Life Science

Structure and Function

HS-LS1-2.

Overview of Cell Signaling

Les cellules utilisent une variété de mécanismes de signalisation pour coordonner les processus cellulaires et communiquer avec d’autres cellules. Une voie de signalisation est initiée lorsqu’une molécule de signalisation appelée ligand se lie à son récepteur cible.
La signalisation paracrine se produit lorsqu’un ligand sécrété cible les cellules voisines. Alors que la signalisation autocrine se produit lorsque le ligand cible la même cellule qui l’a libéré.
Dans une voie de signalisation juxtacrine ou dépendante du contact, un ligand reste lié à la surface cellulaire et interagit directement avec les récepteurs des cellules adjacentes. De petits ligands solubles peuvent également circuler directement entre les cellules via des jonctions lacunaires dans la membrane plasmique.
Les organismes multicellulaires coordonnent le comportement cellulaire sur de longues distances. Dans la signalisation endocrinienne, les hormones voyagent vers différentes parties du corps par la circulation sanguine.
La signalisation synaptique entre les neurones est une forme spécialisée de signalisation à longue portée. À la jonction synaptique, la terminaison axonale d’un neurone sécrète des ligands appelés neurotransmetteurs pour communiquer avec les cellules cibles.
De plus, la détection du quorum est effectuée par certaines communautés bactériennes pour réagir ensemble en détectant une concentration critique de ligands de signalisation.

présentation de la signalisation cellulaire

Malgré la membrane protectrice qui sépare une cellule de l’environnement, les cellules doivent être capables de détecter les changements environnementaux et d’y répondre. De plus, les cellules doivent souvent communiquer entre elles. Les organismes unicellulaires et multicellulaires utilisent divers mécanismes de signalisation cellulaire pour communiquer avec l'environnement.

Les cellules répondent à de nombreux types d’informations, souvent via des protéines réceptrices positionnées sur la membrane. Par exemple, les cellules de la peau réagissent aux informations tactiles et les transmettent, tandis que les photorécepteurs de la rétine peuvent détecter la lumière. Cependant, la plupart des cellules ont évolué pour répondre à des signaux chimiques, notamment des hormones, des neurotransmetteurs et de nombreux autres types de molécules de signalisation. Les cellules peuvent même coordonner différentes réponses provoquées par la même molécule de signalisation.

Généralement, la signalisation cellulaire implique trois étapes : (1) réception, (2) transduction et (3) réponse. Dans la plupart des réceptions de signaux, une molécule imperméable à la membrane, ou ligand, provoque une modification d'un récepteur membranaire ; cependant, certaines molécules de signalisation, comme les hormones, peuvent traverser la membrane pour atteindre leurs récepteurs internes. Le récepteur membranaire peut alors envoyer ce signal à des messagers intracellulaires, traduisant le message en réponse cellulaire. Cette réponse intracellulaire peut inclure des changements dans la transcription, la traduction, l'activation des protéines et d'autres réponses.

Les organismes unicellulaires tels que les bactéries peuvent utiliser un type de signalisation cellulaire appelé quorum sensing pour détecter leur concentration dans une colonie et générer des réponses coordonnées. Les cellules eucaryotes peuvent libérer des ligands qui ciblent la même cellule qui a produit le signal (signalisation autocrine) ou les cellules voisines (signalisation paracrine). Les signaux peuvent même être envoyés sur de longues distances, comme dans le cas de certaines hormones, et produire des réponses dans des cellules distantes, appelées signalisation endocrinienne. La signalisation dépendante du contact décrit les voies physiques créées entre les cellules voisines par lesquelles les signaux cytoplasmiques peuvent passer rapidement. Les cellules du système nerveux peuvent générer des réponses rapides grâce à une spécialisation de la signalisation cellulaire appelée signalisation synaptique.

Présentation de la signalisation cellulaire

Malgré la membrane protectrice qui sépare une cellule de l’environnement, les cellules doivent être capables de détecter les changements environnementaux et d’y répondre. ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomie et physiologie

Unit 1

Unité 1

Essential Cellular Processes

Processus cellulaires essentiels

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

cell signaling pathways and responses

Cell signaling pathways and responses help cells communicate and react to changes. Cells send signals to one another, and those signals can trigger a specific response in the target cell.

A signal usually begins when a signaling molecule reaches a cell with the right receptor, which is a protein that receives the message. The receptor helps the cell recognize the signal and start the communication process.

Inside the cell, the message can move through a signaling pathway. This pathway passes the signal along until the cell produces a response. That response may change how the cell behaves or how it functions.

Cell signaling is an important part of cell biology because it lets cells coordinate activities and respond to their environment. Understanding these pathways helps explain how cells communicate and why receptor-based signaling matters.

Cell Signaling Pathways and Responses

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molecular-factors-affecting-cell-division

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overview of cell signaling

Cell signaling pathways and responses help cells communicate and react to changes. Cells send signals to one another, and those signals can trigger a specific response in the target cell. A signal usually begins when a signaling molecule reaches a cell with the right receptor, which is a protein that receives the message. The receptor helps the cell recognize the signal and start the communication process. Inside the cell, the message can move through a signaling pathway. This pathway passes...

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Chemical Messengers in Cell Signaling

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g protein-coupled receptors

G Protein-coupled Receptor Signaling

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cellular differentiation

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key terms and concepts

Learn how cells use signaling pathways, receptors, and responses to communicate and react to signals in this concise high school science overview.

Cell Signaling Pathways and Responses | JoVE K12

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HS-LS1-1.

Cell Signaling Pathways and Responses

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