Name: brick wall supports for doors and windows
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:25.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

Lors de la construction de murs en briques, les ouvertures des fenêtres et des portes doivent être soutenues par des linteaux, des corbeaux et des arches pour résister aux charges du mur au-dessus.
Les linteaux peuvent être en béton armé ou en cornières d’acier et sont simples à installer. Les linteaux sont généralement cachés dans les murs de briques.
Les corbeaux ont une capacité de portée limitée et sont mieux utilisés pour les petites ouvertures ou l’ornementation, parfois comme support de poutre.
Les arches en brique sont une forme structurelle puissante et largement utilisée, mais leur construction nécessite de la précision. Un centrage du bois ou de l’acier est nécessaire, et la construction d’allèges peut prendre beaucoup de temps.
Les arches en brique calibrées nécessitent que chaque brique soit frottée à la forme du coin nécessaire, ce qui les rend coûteuses à construire. Les arcs rugueux dépendent des joints de mortier en forme de coin pour leur courbure.
Les fabricants de briques peuvent produire sur mesure des briques coniques pour des arches adaptées à toute forme et portée spécifique.
Lorsque l’arc est déplacé perpendiculairement à son plan, il en résulte une voûte en berceau, et lorsque le même arc est tourné autour de sa ligne médiane verticale, il forme un dôme.

ouvertures de portée dans les murs en briques

Spanning Openings in Brick Walls

Dans la construction de murs en briques, les structures de support sont essentielles pour les ouvertures telles que les fenêtres et les portes afin de maintenir l'intégrité et de supporter le poids du mur au-dessus. Ces supports comprennent des linteaux, des corbeaux et des arches, chacun ayant une fonction structurelle spécifique.

Les linteaux sont des supports principaux utilisés pour couvrir les ouvertures et peuvent être fabriqués à partir de matériaux tels que le béton armé, la maçonnerie en briques renforcées d'acier ou de simples angles en acier. Ils sont simples à installer et sont généralement dissimulés dans la maçonnerie, ce qui les rend invisibles dans la structure terminée.

Les corbeaux, offrant des capacités de portée limitée, sont idéaux pour les petites ouvertures ou comme éléments décoratifs. Ils peuvent également servir de supports pour les poutres, ajoutant une valeur à la fois fonctionnelle et esthétique à la structure.

Les arches en briques représentent une méthode plus traditionnelle et plus esthétique pour couvrir les ouvertures, mais nécessitent des techniques de construction précises. Elles nécessitent l'utilisation d'une ossature temporaire en bois ou en acier appelée centrage, qui soutient la structure pendant la construction. Les arches en briques calibrées nécessitent de façonner chaque brique individuellement, ce qui entraîne des coûts de construction plus élevés, tandis que les arches brutes reposent sur des joints de mortier en forme de coin pour former leur courbure.

Pour des exigences architecturales personnalisées, les fabricants peuvent produire des briques coniques spécialement conçues pour les arches, s'adaptant à diverses formes et portées. En outre, les adaptations architecturales des arches comprennent la création de voûtes en berceau en étendant l'arche perpendiculairement à son plan et de dômes en faisant pivoter l'arche autour de son axe central vertical.

Ouvertures de portée dans les murs en briques

Lors de la construction de murs en briques, les ouvertures des fenêtres et des portes doivent être soutenues par des linteaux, des corbeaux et des arcs pour résister aux charges du mur ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Génie civil

Unit 1

Unité 1

Masonry Materials

Matériaux de maçonnerie

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

brick wall supports for doors and windows

Brick wall supports help keep openings for doors and windows stable. These supports hold up the weight of the wall above the opening. The main options are lintels, corbels, and arches.

Lintels are the main support used to span an opening. They can be made from reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced brick masonry, or simple steel angles. Lintels are usually easy to install and are often hidden inside the brickwork, so they are not visible in the finished wall.

Corbels provide only limited spanning ability. They work well for smaller openings and can also be used as decorative features. In some cases, corbels act as supporting brackets for beams, which adds both function and visual detail.

Brick arches offer a more traditional and attractive way to span openings. They require careful building and a temporary frame called centering, which may be made of wood or steel. Gauged brick arches use individually shaped bricks and cost more, while rough arches use wedge-shaped mortar joints to form the curve. Manufacturers can also make tapered bricks for custom arch shapes and spans. Arch forms can be extended into barrel vaults by carrying the arch perpendicular to its plane, or into domes by rotating the arch around its vertical centerline.

Brick Wall Supports for Doors and Windows

brick-wall-supports-for-doors-and-windows

masonry

Masonry Materials and Structural Uses

Masonry uses stone and man-made units such as bricks, clay tiles, terra cotta, and concrete blocks to build structures. These units can form walls, floors, and arches. Masonry is valued for strength, durability, and a wide range of visual finishes. The units are laid in rows called coursing. Mortar, a mix of water, cement, and sand, binds the units together. Building with masonry is hands-on and can be done with basic tools. A trowel applies mortar, a hammer helps adjust placement, and levels...

mortar

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mortar properties

How Mortar Performance Is Measured

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brick sizes

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brick classifications

Types of Bricks in Construction

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brick durability, strength, and appearance

How Brick Quality Affects Masonry Performance

Brick quality affects how masonry holds up, looks, and performs over time. Durability, strength, and appearance are all used to judge which bricks fit a specific job. These features help builders choose bricks for walls, facades, and other construction uses. Durability is closely tied to freeze-thaw action. In freeze-thaw, water absorbed by a brick expands when it freezes. That expansion can damage the brick, especially if the water melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability as SW,...

brick masonry

Brick Wall Bonds and Wythes

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brick cutting techniques

Brick Cuts for Fitting Wall Spaces

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mortar joints in brick masonry

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spanning openings in brick walls

Brick wall supports help keep openings for doors and windows stable. These supports hold up the weight of the wall above the opening. The main options are lintels, corbels, and arches. Lintels are the main support used to span an opening. They can be made from reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced brick masonry, or simple steel angles. Lintels are usually easy to install and are often hidden inside the brickwork, so they are not visible in the finished wall. Corbels provide only limited...

reinforced brick masonry

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stone masonry

Stone Masonry Types and Jointing

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Concrete Block Curing and Block Types

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laying concrete masonry

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steel manufacturing

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key terms and concepts

Explore lintels, corbels, and brick arches used to support doors and windows in brick walls, including centering, tapered bricks, and vault forms.

Brick Wall Supports for Doors and Windows | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Brick Wall Supports for Doors and Windows

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