Name: how structural steel shapes are made
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:25.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

Les produits en acier de construction sont fabriqués dans une usine de construction, où l’ébauche de poutre est réchauffée et raffinée à l’aide de rouleaux pour lui donner la forme et la taille requises.
Le réglage de l’espacement des rouleaux dans le broyeur structurel produit des familles de sections structurelles avec des formes similaires.
La forme finale est une longueur continue à partir des derniers rouleaux, segmentée par une scie à chaud. Les segments sont refroidis et redressés pour assurer l’uniformité.
Les sections plus lourdes sont produites en soudant ensemble les plaques de bride et d’âme, plutôt que par laminage.
Les formes structurelles sont identifiées par la nomenclature standard par une lettre pour la forme et des chiffres pour la taille, l’épaisseur ou le poids.
Il s’agit par exemple de poutres, de colonnes, de canaux et de formes en T, identifiées par leur forme, leur profondeur nominale et leur poids.
Les angles, les sections creuses, les barres et les plaques sont désignés par leur forme, leur taille et leur épaisseur.
L'acier de construction peut être travaillé à froid par laminage, pliage ou étirement à température ambiante, modifiant ainsi la forme des éléments.
Les tôles d’acier minces forment des sections en C légères, tandis que les tôles plus épaisses sont formées à froid en diverses formes creuses, qui sont ensuite soudées le long de leurs coutures longitudinales.

produits en acier de construction

Structural Steel Products

Les produits en acier de construction sont créés dans un laminoir à structure. Le processus commence par une ébauche de poutre qui est réchauffée puis introduite dans une série de rouleaux. Ces rouleaux façonnent progressivement le métal dans sa forme finale. L'ajustement des espacements entre les rouleaux permet la production de différentes sections avec les mêmes dimensions nominales.

Une fois façonnée, la forme finale de l'acier apparaît sous la forme d'une longueur continue, qui est ensuite segmentée par une scie à chaud en morceaux gérables. Ces segments sont ensuite refroidis et passés dans un autre jeu de rouleaux qui redressent l'acier, rectifiant ainsi les écarts ou les défauts qui auraient pu être introduits pendant le processus de façonnage.

Pour les sections structurelles plus lourdes, une méthode alternative consiste à souder les plaques de bride et d'âme ensemble au lieu de s'appuyer uniquement sur le laminage. Cette méthode permet la production de sections plus grandes et plus robustes nécessaires aux exigences de construction importantes.

Les formes d'acier de construction sont standardisées et identifiées par une nomenclature spécifique qui comprend une lettre représentant la forme suivie des détails de taille, d'épaisseur ou de poids. Les formes structurelles courantes comprennent les poutres, les colonnes, les canaux et les profilés en T, chacun caractérisé par des dimensions spécifiques telles que la profondeur nominale et le poids. De plus, d'autres formes telles que les angles, les sections creuses, les barres et les plaques sont désignées par leur forme, leur taille et leur épaisseur.

L'acier de construction peut également être modifié après la production par des méthodes de travail à froid telles que le laminage, le pliage ou l'étirement à température ambiante pour modifier la forme des éléments. Des tôles d'acier minces sont souvent utilisées pour créer des sections en C légères, tandis que des tôles plus épaisses peuvent être formées à froid en diverses formes creuses telles que des formes carrées, rectangulaires, rondes ou elliptiques, qui sont ensuite soudées le long de leurs joints longitudinaux pour produire des sections creuses robustes.

Produits en acier de construction

Les produits en acier de construction sont fabriqués dans un laminoir structurel, où l’ébauche de poutre est réchauffée et raffinée à travers des rouleaux pour obtenir la forme et ...

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how structural steel shapes are made

Structural steel shapes are made in a structural mill. The process starts with a beam blank. The steel is reheated and then sent through a series of rollers that gradually form it into its final shape.

The spacing between the rollers can be changed to make different sections with the same nominal dimensions. After shaping, the steel leaves the mill as a continuous length. A hot saw then cuts it into manageable pieces.

The cut pieces are cooled and passed through another set of rollers. These rollers straighten the steel and correct deviations or flaws that may have been introduced during shaping. For heavier structural sections, manufacturers may weld flange and web plates together instead of using rolling alone.

Structural steel shapes use standard names and codes. A letter identifies the shape, and the size, thickness, or weight comes next. Common examples include beams, columns, channels, and T shapes, along with angles, hollow sections, bars, and plates.

Steel members can also be changed after production by cold-working at room temperature. Cold-working includes rolling, bending, and stretching. Thin steel sheets can be formed into lightweight C-sections, while thicker sheets can be cold-formed into square, rectangular, round, or elliptical hollow shapes and then welded along their length.

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made

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structural steel products

Structural steel shapes are made in a structural mill. The process starts with a beam blank. The steel is reheated and then sent through a series of rollers that gradually form it into its final shape. The spacing between the rollers can be changed to make different sections with the same nominal dimensions. After shaping, the steel leaves the mill as a continuous length. A hot saw then cuts it into manageable pieces. The cut pieces are cooled and passed through another set of rollers. These...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how structural steel shapes are made in a mill, cut, straightened, welded, and cold-formed into beams, columns, channels, and hollow sections.

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made

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