Name: how steel sections are joined
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:25.000Z
Duration: 1 min 17 s
Channel: JoVE

Les sections en acier peuvent être fixées à l’aide de rivets, de boulons ou de soudures.
Un rivet est une fixation en acier avec un arbre cylindrique et une tête de forme spéciale.
Le rivet est chauffé à blanc dans une forge, inséré à chaud à travers les trous des éléments d’assemblage, puis façonné avec un marteau pneumatique pour former une deuxième tête à l’opposé de la première
En règle générale, les boulons sont placés dans des trous d’un seizième de pouce plus larges que le diamètre du boulon. Des rondelles en acier trempé sont souvent placées sous l’une ou les deux extrémités du boulon avant que l’écrou ne soit vissé.
Les boulons sont généralement serrés à l’aide d’une clé à chocs pneumatique ou électrique.
En soudage, un potentiel électrique est créé entre les pièces d’acier destinées à l’assemblage et une électrode métallique.
Lorsque l'électrode est positionnée près du joint des éléments en acier, elle forme un arc électrique continu qui fait fondre une zone spécifique des éléments en acier et de la pointe de l'électrode, créant ainsi une flaque d'eau en fusion
L’électrode est progressivement déplacée le long de la couture, déposant un cordon continu de métal qui se solidifie, formant une connexion sans faille entre les pièces d’acier.

techniques de fixation de l'acier

Les sections en acier peuvent être assemblées grâce à diverses techniques de fixation, notamment le rivetage, le boulonnage et le soudage, chacune adaptée à différentes exigences et conditions structurelles.

Les rivets sont des fixations cylindriques en acier avec une tête spécialement conçue. Lors de l'application, les rivets sont chauffés jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient blancs, puis insérés dans des trous pré-percés dans les sections en acier. Un marteau pneumatique est utilisé pour façonner l'extrémité exposée en une deuxième tête, fixant les sections ensemble.

Le boulonnage est une autre méthode de fixation courante où les boulons sont insérés dans des trous légèrement plus grands que le diamètre du boulon, généralement de 1,59 mm. Des rondelles en acier trempé sont souvent placées sous les têtes de boulon ou les écrous pour répartir la charge et éviter d'endommager l'acier. Les boulons sont serrés à l'aide de clés à chocs pneumatiques ou électriques pour assurer un ajustement sûr.

Le soudage crée une liaison solide et homogène en faisant fondre les pièces en acier au point de contact. Un arc électrique est généré entre une électrode métallique et les sections en acier. Cet arc fait fondre la pointe de l'électrode et les surfaces en acier adjacentes, formant une flaque de métal fondu. L'électrode est déplacée progressivement le long du joint, déposant du métal en fusion qui se solidifie pour former un joint continu et durable.

Ces techniques offrent des solutions robustes pour l'assemblage de structures en acier, chacune offrant des avantages différents en termes de résistance, d'efficacité et d'adéquation aux applications.

Techniques de fixation de l'acier

Les sections en acier peuvent être fixées à l’aide de rivets, de boulons ou de soudures.
Un rivet est une fixation en acier avec un arbre cylindrique et une tête de forme spéciale.
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Steel Fastening Techniques

how steel sections are joined

Steel sections are joined with rivets, bolts, or welding. Each method fits different structural needs and working conditions. These fastening techniques help assemble strong steel structures in practical ways.

Riveting uses cylindrical steel fasteners with a specially designed head. The rivets are heated until white-hot and then placed through pre-drilled holes in the steel sections. A pneumatic hammer shapes the exposed end into a second head, which locks the pieces together.

Bolting is another common method for joining steel. The bolt holes are slightly larger than the bolt diameter, usually by one-sixteenth inch. Hardened steel washers are often placed under the bolt heads or nuts to spread the load and reduce damage to the steel. The bolts are then tightened with pneumatic or electric impact wrenches for a secure fit.

Welding creates a strong, seamless joint by melting the steel at the contact point. An electric arc forms between a metal electrode and the steel sections. The arc melts the electrode tip and the nearby steel surfaces, creating a molten puddle. As the electrode moves along the seam, it deposits molten metal that solidifies into a continuous, durable bond.

How Steel Sections Are Joined

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Steel sections are joined with rivets, bolts, or welding. Each method fits different structural needs and working conditions. These fastening techniques help assemble strong steel structures in practical ways. Riveting uses cylindrical steel fasteners with a specially designed head. The rivets are heated until white-hot and then placed through pre-drilled holes in the steel sections. A pneumatic hammer shapes the exposed end into a second head, which locks the pieces together. Bolting is...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how steel sections are joined by riveting, bolting, and welding. See how each method works and why builders choose different fastening techniques.

How Steel Sections Are Joined | JoVE K12

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civil engineering

How Steel Sections Are Joined

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