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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges.

Common learning disabilities are dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia.

Firstly, dyslexia, the most common learning disability, is marked by difficulties reading fluently and accurately comprehending text.

Individuals often struggle with sound-letter correspondence, may mix up letters within words and sentences called letter reversals, and skip entire words while reading, making learning to read a frustrating experience.

Next, children with dysgraphia struggle to write legibly, making writing with a pen and paper challenging.

Despite adequate IQ, they often cannot put thoughts on paper and may have spatial ability issues.

Finally, children with dyscalculia have difficulty comprehending arithmetic, often evident when they struggle to recognize small quantities without counting.

Symptoms may include difficulty memorizing math facts, organizing numbers, or distinguishing between numerals, math symbols, and written numbers.