Target Antigen Expression
Target Antigen Expression - Related Videos
03:12
An Avidin-Biotin Conjugation Technique for Presenting Target Antigens on Mycobacterium bovis BCG
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2025
The video demonstrates a technique for loading antigens on Mycobacterium bovis BCG to improve its immunogenic properties. The method uses the avidin-biotin system to coat the bacterial surface with exogenous antigens.
03:59
The Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay to Detect Serum Antibodies Against a Target Antigen
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2025
The video demonstrates a hemagglutination inhibition assay for detecting serum antibodies against specific antigens. Confirmation of hemagglutination inhibition in the test well and hemagglutination in the control well is achieved through distinct visual patterns. This assay plays a crucial role in assessing immune response, vaccine effectiveness, and studying viral infections in virology and immunology.
09:49
Antigen Specific In Vivo Killing Assay using CFSE Labeled Target Cells
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Cited by 39 •
2010
Many infections elicit a strong CTL response, but occasionally, the quantity of responding cells does not correlate to control of the pathogen1. One measure of CTL quality is their ability to kill specifically2. CFSE labeling of target cells can be used to investigate this CTL response quality in vivo3,4.
04:29
Immunofluorescent Staining of Spheroids: A Technique to Analyze Spheroids for Expression of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Expression
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2023
This video describes the technique of immunofluorescent staining of spheroids to understand the differentiation of the fibroblasts or CAFs. This protocol helps detect expression of intra- and extracellular antigens, including deposition of ECM proteins within the spheroids.
06:57
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2016
In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).
FAQs
Gene transcription determines whether the instructions for an antigen are produced, while protein synthesis converts those instructions into the antigen protein. Subsequent intracellular processing and transport affect whether the resulting molecule reaches the appropriate cellular location. Consequently, expression can change when any stage of this sequence changes, altering how readily immune receptors, antibodies, or engineered therapies can recognize the cell.
Producing an antigen protein inside a cell does not by itself ensure effective recognition. Intracellular processing helps prepare the molecule, and transport determines whether it reaches the cell surface or remains elsewhere in the cell. Because immune receptors, antibodies, and engineered therapies may depend on accessible antigen, localization can influence recognition even when antigen production has occurred.
The amount of antigen present can affect whether immune recognition occurs and how readily a target is distinguished from other cells. Abundance must be considered together with cellular localization, because a molecule may be produced but not positioned where a receptor, antibody, or engineered therapy can engage it. Measuring expression therefore provides more useful context than identifying presence alone.
Changes can distinguish healthy tissue from pathological tissue and may indicate disease progression or treatment resistance. Comparing expression across biological states helps investigators determine whether a target remains present, becomes reduced, or differs between tissues. These patterns can also clarify why a therapy may perform differently across samples and support interpretation of changing disease biology.
An assessment typically considers both the amount of a specific antigen and its location within cells or tissues. Researchers can compare these features between healthy and pathological samples or examine how they change during disease and treatment. The resulting measurements help establish whether a molecule functions as a useful biomarker and whether it remains a plausible target for immune-based approaches.
Expression data help determine whether diseased cells display a molecule that an intervention can recognize. This information supports evaluation of vaccine targets, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatments. It also helps predict response by showing whether the relevant antigen is present at an appropriate level and location, while identifying expression changes that could limit treatment effectiveness.