Viral Antigen-specific T Lymphocytes
Viral Antigen-specific T Lymphocytes - Related Videos
02:50
Suppressing Hepatitis B Virus Replication Using Viral Antigen-Specific T Cells
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2025
The video demonstrates an assay using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CD8+ T cells to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in mice. These T cells, engineered with HBV-specific receptors, are transferred into transgenic mice. Replication-competent HBV genome plasmids are then injected directly into the liver, enabling viral DNA uptake. Once viral antigens are expressed and presented by hybrid MHC-I molecules, the engineered T cells recognize and bind to these complexes.
05:04
Viral Antigen Microarray Assay to Detect Antibody Isotypes in Serum Against Viral Antigen
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the process for detecting antibody isotypes in multiple human serum samples using a microarray slide printed with antigenic subtypes of influenza virus strains.
03:24
Organelle Dynamics in B Lymphocytes following Activation with Antigen-Coated Beads
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2025
In this video, we describe a method to study the organelle dynamics in B lymphocytes following their activation with antigen-coated microbeads.
03:32
A Technique for the Generation of Antigen-Specific CAR T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique for generating antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells through retroviral transduction. Activated murine CD8+ T cells are added to a microwell plate coated with recombinant fibronectin fragments. Retroviral vectors containing transgenic RNA encoding an antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are then introduced, and the plate is centrifuged to facilitate transduction. After incubation, the transduced cells express antigen-specific...
02:36
Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging of Viral Nucleic Acids and Protein in Infected Human Lymphocytes
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2026
Source: Shah, R., et al. Single-Cell Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging to Visualize Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins and Monitor HIV, HTLV, HBV, HCV, Zika Virus, and Influenza Infection. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates simultaneous visualization of HIV-1 DNA, RNA, and capsid protein in infected human lymphocytes using branched DNA hybridization and immunofluorescence, enabling detailed analysis of viral replication stages within individual cells.
FAQs
The two T-cell subsets contribute through different effector activities. Activated CD8+ cells can destroy virus-infected cells using cytotoxic mechanisms, directly limiting cellular sites of infection. CD4+ cells release cytokines and provide support to other immune cells, helping coordinate the broader response. Distinguishing these activities clarifies whether an antiviral response is primarily cytotoxic, supportive, or both.
Some activated cells persist as memory T cells after the initial antigen-driven response. Their persistence provides an important indicator that immunity may extend beyond the immediate response to infection or vaccination. Measuring virus-specific cells therefore can address not only whether T cells responded, but also whether antigen-experienced populations remain available for later immune evaluation.
These approaches examine related but distinct features of antiviral T-cell responses. Peptide stimulation provides an antigen-driven way to assess reactivity, cytokine-release assays examine cytokine production after stimulation, and MHC multimer staining measures virus-specific cells through their interaction with peptide-presenting MHC molecules. Using the appropriate approach helps distinguish response frequency from functional activity.
Specificity arises when T cells respond to viral peptide fragments displayed by MHC molecules, rather than reacting indiscriminately to all cells. This targeting connects antigen recognition with the appropriate cellular outcome: infected-cell destruction by CD8+ cells or cytokine release and immune-cell support by CD4+ cells. The result is a focused cellular response against virus-associated targets.
Investigators can measure the frequency or function of these cells using peptide stimulation, cytokine-release assays, or MHC multimer staining. The same general analytical framework applies to natural infection and vaccine-induced responses, allowing researchers to characterize whether antigen-specific cells are detectable and how they behave. These measurements provide a way to compare antiviral immunity across conditions.
The analyses support several research and clinical investigation contexts described for antiviral immunity. They can characterize responses during infection, evaluate immunity generated by vaccination, and monitor immune recovery. They also inform research on T-cell-based immunotherapies by revealing the presence and activity of virus-specific populations that may be relevant to targeted cellular immune strategies.