Adiabatic Process
Adiabatic Process - Related Videos
01:20
Work Done in an Adiabatic Process
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2025
Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an automobile engine when the piston is in its expanded position. The temperature, pressure, and volume of the resulting gas-air mixture are 20 °C, 1.00 x 105 N/m2, and 240 cm3 , respectively. The mixture is then compressed adiabatically to a volume of 40 cm3. Note that, in the actual operation of an automobile engine, the compression is not...
01:18
Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
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2023
When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
01:27
Pressure and Volume in an Adiabatic Process
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2023
Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, no work is done, and there is no change in internal energy. But, for an adiabatic expansion, work is done, and there is a change in internal energy. During an adiabatic process, the relation between the pressure and volume is obtained from the condition for the adiabatic process, that is, However, for a free expansion process, this...
11:11
Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
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Cited by 7 •
2016
Experimental methods for investigation of solid state cooling processes and characterization of elastocaloric material properties of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are presented. A custom-built test rig has been designed for controlling and comprehensive monitoring of elastocaloric cooling processes. Furthermore, it provides a validation platform for thermomechanically coupled modeling approaches.
08:22
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Cited by 5 •
2018
We present a protocol for probing ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations that result in molecular dissociation.
FAQs
Adiabatic changes convert boundary work into changes in internal energy. During expansion, the system does work and its internal energy decreases; during compression, work done on it increases internal energy. For an ideal gas, these energy changes appear as temperature changes, linking mechanical motion at the boundary with the gas’s thermal state even though no heat crosses it.
For a reversible ideal-gas adiabatic process, PV^γ = constant connects pressure and volume throughout the change. It allows the pressure-volume behavior to be represented mathematically while the gas expands or compresses. Because the relation is tied to both reversibility and ideal-gas behavior, its use depends on whether those model conditions describe the system being studied.
The relation PV^γ = constant is specifically associated with a reversible ideal-gas process. That qualification matters because the equation describes how pressure and volume vary together under those stated conditions, rather than serving as an unrestricted rule for every gas change. Researchers therefore match the model’s assumptions to the physical system before using it.
Analysis begins by treating the heat exchange as zero, then applying the first law of thermodynamics to track energy transferred as work. For a reversible ideal gas, physicists can additionally use PV^γ = constant to relate pressure and volume. Combining these descriptions helps determine how expansion or compression changes internal energy and temperature.
Rapid compression and expansion make adiabatic models useful for describing engines, turbines, and compressors. In these devices, boundary work is central to the energy transfer, so the model connects mechanical operation with changes in gas internal energy and temperature. The resulting description helps explain how gas behavior changes as it moves through compression or expansion stages.
Rising and sinking air provide atmospheric examples of adiabatic temperature changes. As air undergoes expansion or compression, its internal energy changes through work, producing a corresponding temperature change without relying on heat exchange as the immediate transfer mechanism. This application extends the concept beyond machines and shows how thermodynamic energy principles describe large-scale motion in the atmosphere.