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Transfer pricing is the method a company uses to set prices for goods or services exchanged between its own divisions.

Consider NovaTech Corporation, which makes components and assembles them into consumer electronics.

The price charged when one division sells to the other is called the transfer price.

One advantage of transfer pricing is clear performance evaluation.

By using transfer pricing, NovaTech can measure each division’s performance as if it were an independent business, allowing management to fairly compare results.

Another advantage is managerial independence.

At NovaTech, once transfer prices are set, each division can plan production levels and control costs based on its own goals, which can help in quick decision-making.

However, a major disadvantage of transfer pricing is tax compliance risk.

Because NovaTech operates across regions, tax authorities closely review internal prices.

If transfer prices are not documented accurately, the company may face audits, penalties, and double taxation.

Managing transfer pricing carefully is essential to avoid these risks.