Stomach Hormones

Stomach hormones are chemical messengers produced by cells in the stomach that coordinate digestion, appetite, and movement through the gastrointestinal tract. In response to food, distension, and changes in acidity, hormones such as gastrin, ghrelin, and somatostatin enter local or systemic signaling pathways: gastrin stimulates acid secretion and mucosal growth, ghrelin promotes hunger and influences energy balance, while somatostatin suppresses gastrin and acid production. Studying these hormones helps explain how the stomach regulates nutrient processing and communicates with the brain and intestine. Their signaling pathways are relevant to research on ulcers, reflux, obesity, diabetes, and other digestive disorders.

Stomach Hormones - Related Videos

Education

JoVE Core - Anatomy and Physiology

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

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2024

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions. Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples: Gastrin: The G cells secrete gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the production of gastric acid and enzymes. It enhances the contraction of stomach muscles, facilitating food movement through the...

Types of Hormones

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2019

Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipophilic in nature. This allows them to readily traverse the lipid-rich cell membrane to bind to their intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Once bound, the cytoplasmic hormone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus.

Hormonal Regulation

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2019

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Plant Hormones

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2020

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands. Instead, plant hormones are often produced in regions of active growth, like the tips of roots and shoots. Additionally, even very low concentrations of plant hormones can have a profound effect on growth and development processes.

Research

JoVE Journal - Biology

Gross Dissection of the Stomach of the Lobster, Homarus Americanus

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Cited by 5 •

2009

We describe the gross dissection of the stomach of the American lobster (Homarus americanus).

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