Name: newton's laws and everyday motion
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:06:01.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

High School

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

P-PS2-1

Newton's Law of Motion

Il movimento o l'immobilità di un oggetto possono essere spiegati utilizzando le leggi del moto di Newton.
La prima legge afferma che un oggetto fermo rimane fermo e un oggetto in movimento rimane in movimento a una velocità e direzione costanti a meno che non venga agito da una forza sbilanciata.
Un pallone da calcio rimane fermo fino a quando non viene calciato da un giocatore e rimane in movimento fino a quando non viene applicata una forza esterna per riportarlo a riposo.
La seconda legge del moto afferma che quando una forza sbilanciata agisce su un corpo, subisce un'accelerazione che ha un'entità direttamente proporzionale alla forza e ha la stessa direzione della forza.
Considera un uomo con un carretto. Quando applica la forza al carrello, il carrello si muove nella direzione della forza applicata.
La terza legge afferma che per ogni azione c'è una reazione uguale e contraria.
Quando un'auto in movimento colpisce un camion fermo, esercita una forza uguale e contraria sull'auto.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Ingegneria Meccanica \u2012 Statica e Dinamica. Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Pagine 4 \u2012 5.</li>
	<li>Birra, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F; Cromwell, P.J. e Self, B.P. (2019). Meccanica vettoriale per ingegneri \u2012 Statica e dinamica. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pagine – 3.</li>
	<li>Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, LG e Bolton, JN (2020). Ingegneria Meccanica \u2012 Statica. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. Pagine – 2.</li>
</ol>

la legge del moto di newton

Una domanda che sorge spontanea quando osserviamo gli oggetti che ci circondano è perché si muovono o restano fermi. Si può rispondere a questa domanda ricorrendo alle leggi del moto di Newton. Queste leggi descrivono i principi fondamentali del moto e gli effetti delle forze sugli oggetti.

La prima legge del moto, nota anche come legge d'inerzia, afferma che un oggetto in stato di quiete rimarrà fermo, mentre un oggetto in movimento continuerà a muoversi con una velocità e una direzione costanti a meno che non venga influenzato da una forza esterna. Ad esempio, quando una scatola che sta scivolando rallenta da sola, la forza esterna effettiva sulla scatola è la forza di attrito che agisce contro il moto della scatola per rallentarla.

La prima legge di Newton considera corpi in stato di quiete o in movimento a velocità costante. Tuttavia, se la velocità dell'oggetto cambia, allora con la seconda legge di Newton si analizza il moto accelerato.. La seconda legge del moto descrive come un oggetto risponde a una forza sbilanciata che agisce su di esso. La legge afferma che l'accelerazione di un oggetto è direttamente proporzionale alla forza esercitata su di esso e inversamente proporzionale alla sua massa. Ad esempio, quando una persona colpisce una palla, questa si muove con un'accelerazione direttamente proporzionale alla forza a essa applicata.

La terza legge del moto, nota anche come legge di azione e reazione, afferma che a ogni azione corrisponde una reazione uguale e contraria. Ad esempio, se una persona si trova sui pattini a rotelle e lancia una palla in avanti, è probabile che la persona si muov all'indietro con una determinata velocità.

Le leggi del moto di Newton trovano molteplici applicazioni nel mondo macroscopico reale. Ad esempio, possono essere utilizzate per progettare strutture e macchine in grado di resistere a forze esterne. Anche la traiettoria degli oggetti celesti o dei razzi può essere calcolata utilizzando le leggi del moto di Newton.

In conclusione, le leggi del moto di Newton forniscono una base per comprendere la relazione tra le forze e il moto. Queste leggi sono fondamentali per molti campi della scienza e hanno applicazioni pratiche che influiscono sulla nostra vita quotidiana. Che si tratti di guardare una partita di calcio o di lanciare un'astronave, ci affidiamo a queste leggi per spiegare il moto degli oggetti e gli effetti delle forze su di essi.

La legge del moto di Newton

Quando osserviamo gli oggetti intorno a noi, una domanda che ci viene in mente è perché si muovono o rimangono fermi. La risposta a questa domanda può essere spiegata usando ...

Education

Didattica

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Ingegneria Meccanica

Unit 1

Unità 1

An Introduction to Statics

Introduzione alla statica

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

newton's laws and everyday motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion.

Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works against the box and reduces its motion.

Newton's second law applies when velocity changes. It describes how an object responds to an unbalanced force. The law states that acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to mass. If a person hits a ball, the ball accelerates more when the force is larger.

Newton's third law is the law of action and reaction. It states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. A person on roller skates who throws a ball forward will move backward. Newton's laws are useful in the real macroscopic world. They help scientists design structures and machines that can withstand external forces, and they can also be used to calculate the motion of celestial objects and rockets.

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

newton's law of gravitational attraction

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

international system of units

SI Units and Metric Prefixes

SI units and metric prefixes provide a standard way to measure size, mass, and time. The International System of Units, or SI system, is used worldwide because it gives scientists a common language for measurement. Its values do not change with location, which helps keep results consistent. The SI system is built on three base units: meter, kilogram, and second. These are the core units for length, mass, and time. The kilogram is the only base unit that already includes a prefix. Prefixes...

numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

Numerical calculations in engineering depend on clear values, correct units, and careful rounding. Presenting the answer is an important part of engineering practice, so numerically accurate results are preferred. Handheld calculators and computers are often used because they help produce accurate answers. Problems can be solved in several ways. Solving algebraic symbols by hand is common, and the graphical method is often preferred in some cases. Computers are especially useful when many...

accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Learn how Newton's three laws explain inertia, acceleration, and action-reaction forces. See how friction, balls, skates, rockets, and structures fit the rules.

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Newton's Second Law

Newton&#39;s second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes ...

Second Law: Motion under Same Force

Newton&#39;s laws can be applied to bodies at rest and bodies in motion. Newton&#39;s first law is applied to bodies in equilibrium, whereas the second ...

Force and Acceleration

Source: Nicholas Timmons,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, ...

second-law-motion-under-same-acceleration

Second Law: Motion under Same Acceleration

Newton&#39;s second law of motion applies to bodies moving under the same acceleration. For example, when a baggage tractor pulls luggage carts, each cart ...

Newton's Laws of Motion

Source: Andrew Duffy, PhD, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA
This experiment examines at various situations involving two interacting ...

When we observe objects around us, one question that comes to mind is why they move or stay still. The answer to this question can be explained using ...

Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Force and Momentum

Force and momentum are intimately related. Force acting over time can change momentum, and Newton&#39;s second law of motion can be stated in its most ...

Internal and External Forces

Newton&#39;s first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the ...

Conservation of Momentum: Introduction

The total momentum of a system consisting of N interacting objects is constant in time or is conserved. A system must meet two requirements for its ...

Force

Forces affect every moment of our life. Our bodies are held to the Earth by force, and they are held together by the forces of charged particles. When we ...

Conservation of Momentum

Conservation of Momentum: Problem Solving

Solving problems using the conservation of momentum requires four basic steps:

	Identify a closed system, where the total mass is constant, and no net ...

conservation-of-linear-momentum-for-a-system-of-particles

Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles

In a game of billiards, when the cue ball strikes a stationary ball, it transfers some of its momentum to the stationary ball. The cue ball slows down, ...

principle-of-linear-impulse-and-momentum-for-a-system-of-particles

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a System of Particles

Consider a system of particles moving relative to an inertial frame of reference.
The equation of motion for such a system can be written as the sum of ...

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

P-PS2-2

principle-of-linear-impulse-and-momentum-for-a-single-particle

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle

Linear momentum is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the motion of an object. It is a vector quantity, having a magnitude equal to the ...

principle-of-angular-impulse-and-momentum-problem-solving

Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum: Problem Solving

Consider a ball of mass m, attached to a massless rod of known length, subjected to a time-dependent torque. If the initial velocity of the mass is known, ...

Linear Momentum

The term momentum is used in various ways in everyday language, most of which are consistent with the precise scientific definition. Generally, momentum ...

principle-of-angular-impulse-and-momentum

Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum

The angular impulse and momentum principle provides insights into how forces applied at a distance from an object&#39;s rotational axis influence its ...

principle-linear-impulse-momentum-for-single-particle-problem

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a Single Particle: Problem Solving

Consider a massless pulley system consisting of a wooden box and a cylinder of known masses. Determine the speed of the attached objects at a specific ...

Angular Momentum

Angular momentum describes the rotational motion of an object.
It is defined as the moment of the object&#39;s linear momentum about a specific point O.
...

relation-between-moment-of-a-force-and-angular-momentum

Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum

In a spinning top, applying a force at a distance from the center creates torque, which changes the angular momentum of the top, causing it to spin.
The ...

Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the effect of a force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

P-PS2-3

Gravitation

In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14716.jpg

Newton's Law of Gravitation

Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward ...

gravitation-between-spherically-symmetric-masses

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14717.jpg

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton&#39;s law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, ...

Coulomb's Law

Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude ...

comparison-between-electrical-and-gravitational-forces

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To ...

Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction

Sir Isaac Newton established the universality of the law of gravitational attraction based on empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published his ...

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Source: Ketron Mitchell-Wynne, PhD,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of ...

Use mathematical representations of Newton's law of gravitation and Coulomb's law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

P-PS2-4

Types of Forces

In most situations, forces can be grouped into two categories: contact forces and field forces.&#160; Contact forces occur as a result of direct physical ...

Magnetic Fields

Source: Yong P. Chen, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Magnetic fields can be ...

Electric Charge in a Magnetic Field

Source: Andrew Duffy, PhD, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA
This experiment duplicates J.J. Thomson's famous experiment at the end of ...

Electric Fields

Source: Yong P. Chen, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
An electric field is generated ...

Electromagnetic Fields

Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by ...

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the ...

Energy Carried By Electromagnetic Waves

Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes, this energy is obvious, such as in the summer sun&#39;s ...

Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor connected to a battery develops a potential difference across its plates.
By integrating the equation relating voltage and ...

Power and Energy

Energy is the total work required to drive the current through the circuit.
A rise in voltage results in more work done, passing more current, resulting ...

Voltage

The movement of electrons in a conductor requires some form of energy or work, usually provided by an external force, like a battery. This force is called ...

Electromotive Force

Electromotive force (emf) is the force that causes current to flow from a higher to a lower&#160; potential. The term &#34;electromotive ...

Electrical Energy

Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the ...

Electrical Current

Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large ...

Electric Potential Energy

When an electric field accelerates a free positive charge q, it is given kinetic energy. The process is analogous to an object accelerated by a ...

Electrical Power

Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more ...

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

P-PS2-5

sources-and-properties-of-electric-charge

Sources and Properties of Electric Charge

All objects we see around us consist of atoms, which combine to form molecules. The lightest element in the universe is hydrogen, and a hydrogen atom ...

Electric Charges

From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of the ...

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces ...

Electronic Structure of Atoms


An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central&#160;core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the ...

Atomic Structure

All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and ...

Electric Field

Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by ...

electric-field-of-two-equal-and-opposite-charges

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. ...

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions ...

DC/DC Boost Converter

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Boost converters provide a versatile solution to stepping ...

DC/DC Buck Converter

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
While it is simple to step up or down AC voltages and ...

Flyback Converter

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
A flyback converter is a buck-boost converter, which can ...

Single Phase Transformers

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Transformers are stationary electric machines that step up ...

Single Phase Rectifiers

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
A DC power supply is generally considered to be a device ...

Thyristor Rectifier

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Similar to diodes, thyristors, also called silicon ...

Single Phase Inverter

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
DC power is unidirectional and flows in one direction, ...

Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

P-PS2-6.

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Description

Transcript

Tags

More videos by Standards